Much of the literature on succession in family firms focuses on the incumbent. This study examines the attributes of successors that help to explain the effectiveness of succession. The responses of 254 CEOs of family firms were factor analyzed to identify six distinguishing characteristics. A MANOVA analysis suggests that effective succession is associated with successor self-confidence and managerial autonomy.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adler, A.What Life Should Mean to You. New York: Putnam, 1958.
2.
Alcorn, P. B.Success and Survival in the Family-Owned Business. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982.
3.
Aldag, R. J., and Stearns, T. M.Management. Cincinnati: South-Western, 1991.
4.
Altus, W. D.“Birth Order and Its Sequelae.”Science, 1966, 351 (3706), 44–49.
5.
Barach, J. A., Gantisky, J., Carson, J. A., and Doochin, B. A.“Entry of the Next Generation: Strategic Challenge for Family Business.”Journal of Small Business Management, April 1988, pp. 49–56.
6.
Beckhard, R., and Dyer, W. G., Jr.Challenges and Issues in Managing Family Firms. Working paper. Cambridge: Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1981.
7.
Bernard, C.An Introduction to Study of Experimental Medicine. New York: Dover, 1957.
8.
Birley, S.“Succession in the Family Firm: The Inheritor's View.”Journal of Small Business Management, 1986, 21 (3), 36–43.
9.
Blau, P. M., and Duncan, O. D.The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley, 1967.
10.
Bork, D.Family Business, Risky Business: How to Make It Work. New York: AMACOM, 1986.
11.
Bowen, M.Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. New York: Aronson, 1978.
12.
Chell, E., Haworth J. M., and Brearley, S. A.The Entrepreneurial Personality. New York: Routledge, 1991.
13.
Christensen, C. R.Management Succession in Small and Growing Enterprises. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration: Harvard University, 1953.
14.
Churchill, N. C., and Hatten, K. J.“Non-Market-Based Transfers of Wealth and Power: A Research Framework for Family Businesses.”American journal of Small Businesses, 1987, 11 (3), 51–64.
15.
Danco, L. A.Beyond Survival: A Business Owner's Guide for Success. Cleveland: University Press, 1982.
16.
Danco, L. A.“Foreword.” In J. L. Ward, Keeping the Family Business Healthy: How to Plan for Continuing Growth, Profitability, and Family Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1987.
17.
Davis, P., and Stern, D.“Adaption, Survival, and Growth of the Family Business: An Integrated System Perspective.”Human Relations, 1980, 34, 207–224.
18.
Dyer, W. G., Jr.Cultural Change in Family Firms: Anticipating and Managing Business and Family Transitions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986.
19.
Edwards, A. L.Manual for the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1959.
20.
Federal Small Business Administration. Statistical Abstracts of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1984.
21.
Gordon, L. V.Manual for Survey of Interpersonal Values. Chicago: Science Research Associates, 1960.
22.
Grusky, O., and Miller, G.The Sociology of Organizations. New York: Free Press, 1970.
23.
Haeffner, E. A.“The Innovation Process.”Technology Review, 1973, 75 (5), 18–25.
24.
Hambrick, D. C, and Mason, P. A.“Upper Echelons: The Organization as a Reflection oflts Top Managers.”Academy of Management Review, 1984, 9 (2), 193–206.
25.
Handler, W. C.“Succession in Family Firms: A Mutual Role Adjustment Between Entrepreneur and Next-Generation Family Members.”Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 1990, 15(1), 37–51.
26.
Handler, W. C.“The Succession Experience of the Next Generation.”Family Business Review, 1992, 5 (3), 283–307.
27.
Handler, W. C., and Kram, K. E.“Succession in Family Firms: The Problem of Resistance.”Family Business Review, 1988, 1 (4), 361–381.
28.
Heller, T.“Conversion Processes in Leadership Succession: A Case Study.”Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 1989, 25 (1), 65–77.
29.
Hershon, S. A.“The Problem of Management Succession in Family Business.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1975.
30.
Hollander, B. S.“Family-Owned Business as a System: A Case Study of the Interaction of Family, Task, and Marketplace Components.” Unpublished dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1983.
31.
Huntley, C. W.“Judgments of Self Based upon Records of Expressive Behavior.”Abnormal Social Psychology, 1940, 35, 398–427.
32.
Kepner, E.“The Family and the Firm: A Co-evolutionary Perspective.”Organizational Dynamics, Summer 1983, pp. 26–32.
33.
Kim, J. O., and Mueller, C. W.Factor Analysis: Statistical Methods and Practical Uses. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage, 1987.
34.
Konig, K.Brothers and Sisters: The Order of Birth in the Family. Worcester, Great Britain: Billing, 1984.
35.
Krinsky, S. G.“The Relationship Amongst Birth Order, Dimensions of Independence-Dependence, and Choice of a Scientific Career.” In W. W. Cooley (ed.), Career Development of Scientists: An Overlapping Longitudinal Study. Cambridge, Mass.: Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 1963.
36.
Kuder, F.Manual for the Kuder Preference Record: Form DD. Chicago: Science Research Associates, 1970.
37.
Lansberg, I. S.“Managing Human Resources in Family Firms: The Problem of Institutional Overlap.”Organizational Dynamics, Summer 1983, pp. 39–46.
38.
Lansberg, I. S.“The Succession Conspiracy: Mapping Resistances to Succession Planning in First-Generation Family Firms.”Family Business Review, 1988, 1 (2), 119–143.
39.
Levinson, H.“Multidimensional Locus of Control in Psychiatric Patients.”Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 1973, 38, 397–404.
40.
Levinson, H.“Consulting with Family Business: What to Look for, What to Look Out for.”Organizational Dynamics, Summer 1983, pp. 71–80.
41.
Longenecker, J. G., and Schoen, C. W.Small Business Management. (8th ed.) Cincinnati: Southwestern, 1991.
42.
Lunneborg, P. W.“Birth Order, Aptitude, and Achievement.”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1968, 32 (1), 101.
43.
McClelland, D. C.The Achieving Society. New York: Wiley, 1976.
44.
Megginson, L. C., Scott, C. R., and Megginson, W. L.Successful Small Business Management. (6th ed.) Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1991.
45.
Miller, E. J., and Rice, A. K.Systems of Organization. London: Tavistock, 1967.
46.
Patrick, A.“Family Business: The Offsprings' Perceptions of Work Satisfaction and Their Working Relationship with Their Father.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Fielding Institute, 1985.
47.
Rogers, C. R., Kell, W. L, and McNeil, H.“The Role of Self-Understanding in the Prediction of Behavior.”Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1948, 12, 174–186.
48.
Rosenblatt, P. C., de Mik, L., Anderson, R. M., and Johnson, P. A.The Family in Business: Understanding and Dealing with the Challenges Entrepreneurial Families Face. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985.
49.
Rosenblatt, P. C., and Titus, S. L.“Together and Apart in the Family.”Humanitas, 1976, 12, 367–379.
50.
Sonnenfeld, J. A.The Hero's Farewell. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
51.
Sutton-Smith, B., and Rosenberg, B. G.Sibling. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970.
52.
Taylor, W.“The Business of Innovation.”Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990, pp. 97–106.
53.
Thurstone, L. L., and Jenkins, R. L.Order of Birth, Parentage, and Intelligence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1931.
54.
Toman, W.Family Constellations. New York: Springer, 1976.
55.
Vancil, R. F.Passing the Baton. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1987.
56.
Ward, J. L.Keeping the Family Business Healthy: How to Play for Continuing Growth, Profitability, and Family Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1987.
57.
Wolff, W.The Expression of Personality. New York: HarperCollins, 1943.