Although networks have been considered crucial to transnational entrepreneurship (TE), there has been a lack of theoretical and methodological engagement with social network analysis in the existing TE research. We approach TE through a lens of glocalized networks—networks with both local and global connection. We develop a framework that articulates the relation of glocalized networks and TE and discuss how to capture the structure and impacts of glocalized networks in the process of TE.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BurtR. (1992). Structural holes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2.
ChenW. & TanJ. (2008). “Roots and wings: Glocalized networks and transnational entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings. Anaheim, CA: Academy of Management.
3.
ColemanJ.S. (1990). Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4.
DavidsonP. & HonigB. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301–331.
5.
DoddsP.S., MuhamadR., & WattsD.J. (2003). An experimental study of search in global social networks. Science, 301(5634), 827–829.
6.
DroriI., HonigB., & GinsbergA. (2006). TE: Toward a unifying theoretical framework. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Conference, Atlanta.
7.
FongE., ChenW., & LukC. (2007). Ethnic businesses in suburbs and city: The spatial dimension of embeddedness. City & Community, 6(2), 119–136.
8.
GartnerW., ShaverK.G., CarterN.M., & ReynoldsP.D. (2004). Handbook of entrepreneurial dynamics: The process of business creation. London: Sage Publications.
9.
GulatiR. & GargiuloM. (1999). Where do interorganizational networks come from?American Journal of Sociology, 104(5), 1439–1493.
10.
HamptonK. (2001). Living the wired life in the wired suburb: Netville, glocalization and civil society. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto.
11.
JohansonJ. & VahlneJ.–E. (2003). Business relationship commitment and learning in the internationalization process. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 83–101.
LandoltP. (2001). Salvadoran economic transnationalism: Embedded strategies for household maintenance, immigrant incorporation, and entrepreneurial expansion. Global Networks, 1(3), 217–241.
14.
LevittP. (2001). Transnational migration: Taking stock and future directions. Global Networks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs, 1(3), 195–216.
15.
LevittP. & JaworskyB.N. (2007). Transnational migration studies: Past development and future trends. Annual Review of Sociology, 33, 129–156.
16.
LightI. & GoldS. (2000). Ethnic economies. San Diego, CA: San Diego Academic Press.
17.
LinN. (1999). Social networks and status attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 467–487.
18.
LinN. & DuminM. (1986). Access to occupation through social ties. Social Networks, 8(4), 365–385.
19.
MarsdenP. (1987). Core discussions networks of Americans. American Sociological Review, 52(1), 122–131.
20.
MinP.G. (1992). The structure and social functions of Korean immigrant churches in the United States. International Migration Review, 26, 1370–1394.
21.
MortG.S. & WeerawardenaJ. (2006). Networking capability and international entrepreneurship: How networks function in Australian born global firms. International Marketing Review, 23(5), 549–572.
22.
OstgaardT.A. & BirleyS. (1994). Personal networks and firm competitive strategy—A strategic or coincidental match?Journal of Business Venturing, 9(4), 281–305.
23.
OviattB.M. & McDougallP.P. (1997). Challenges for internationalization process theory: The case of international new ventures. Management International Review, 37(2), 85–99.
24.
PortesA. (2003). Conclusion: Theoretical convergencies and empirical evidence in the study of immigrant transnationalism. International Migration Review, 37(3), 874–892.
25.
PortesA., HallerW.J., & GuranizoL.E. (2002). Transnational entrepreneurs: An alternative form of immigrant economic adaptation. American Sociological Review, 67(2), 278–298.
26.
PortesA. & SensenbrennerJ. (1993). Embeddedness and immigration: Notes on the social determinants of economic action. American Journal of Sociology, 98(6), 1320–1350.
27.
RobertsonR. (1994). Globalisation or glocalisation. Journal of International Communication, 1(1), 33–52.
28.
SaxenianA., MotoyamaY., & QuanX. (2002). Local and global networks of immigrant professionals in Silicon Valley. San Francisco, CA: Public Policy Institute of California.
29.
ShaneS. & VenkataramanS. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.
30.
SimmelG. (1908 1971]). The stranger. In LevineD.N. (Ed.), George Simmel on individuality and social forms (pp. 143–149). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31.
SorensonO. (2003). Social networks and industrial geography. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 13(5), 513–527.
32.
TanJ. (2002). Culture, nation, and entrepreneurial strategic orientations: Implications for an emerging economy. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 95.
33.
Van Der GaagM. (2005). The measurement of individual social capital. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Groningen.
34.
VertovecS. (2003). Migration and other modes of transnationalism: Towards conceptual cross–fertilization. International Migration Review, 37(3), 641–665.
35.
WaldingerR. & FitzgeraldD. (2004). “Transnationalism in question. American Journal of Sociology, 109, 177–195.
36.
WeberM. (1905 2002]). The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism and other writings. Edited, translated, and with an introduction and notes by BaehrPeter and WellsGordon C.. New York: Penguin Books.
37.
WellmanB. (2002). Little boxes, glocalization, and networked individualism. In TanabeM., BesselaarP., & IshidaT. (Eds.), Digital cities II: Computational and sociological approaches (pp. 10–25). Berlin: Springer.
38.
WellmanB., BoaseB., & ChenW. (2002). The networked nature of community—on and off the Internet. IT and Society, 1(1), 151–165.
39.
WilliamsonO.E. (1991). Comparative economic organization: The analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(2), 269–296.
40.
ZahraS. & GeorgeG. (2002). International entrepreneurship: The current status of the field and future research agenda. In IrelandD., HittM., SextonD., & CampM. (Eds.), Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating an integrated mindset (pp. 255–288). Oxford: Blackwell.
41.
ZhouM. (2004). Revisiting ethnic entrepreneurship: Convergencies, controversies, and conceptual advancements. International Migration Review, 38(3), 1040–1074.
