Adaptive Responses to Social Exclusion

Baumeister R.F. Leary M.R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.

BBC. (n.d.). Spot the fake smile. Retrieved October 1, 2007, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/surveys/smiles

Brown W.M. Moore C. (2002). Smile asymmetries and reputation as reliable indicators of likelihood to cooperate: An evolutionary analysis. In Shohov S.P. (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (Vol. 11, pp. 59–78). Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

Ekman P. Davidson R.J. Friesen W.V. (1990). The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology II. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 342–353.

Ekman P. Friesen W.V. O'Sullivan M. (1988). Smiles when lying. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 414–420.

Gardner W.L. Pickett C.L. Brewer M.B. (2000). Social exclusion and selective memory: How the need to belong influences memory for social events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 486–496.

Lakin J.L. Chartrand T.L. (2005). Exclusion and nonconscious behavioral mimicry. In Williams K.D. Forgas J.P. von Hippel W. (Eds.), The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying (pp. 279–296). New York: Psychology Press.

Maner J.K. DeWall C.N. Baumeister R.F. Schaller M. (2007). Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the “porcupine problem.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 42–55.

Pickett C.L. Gardner W.L. (2005). The social monitoring system: Enhanced sensitivity to social cues and information as an adaptive response to social exclusion and belonging need. In Williams K.D. Forgas J.P. von Hippel W. (Eds.), The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying (pp. 213–226). New York: Psychology Press.

Pickett C.L. Gardner W.L. Knowles M. (2004). Getting a cue: The need to belong and enhanced sensitivity to social cues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1095–1107.

Williams K.D. Cheung C.K.T. Choi W. (2000). Cyberostracism: Effects of being ignored over the Internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 748–762.