Recent research with visual objects has delineated important representational differences between memory measures that tap identification (implicit tests) and measures that require episodic recognition (explicit tests) We investigated whether these differences reflect a fundamental architecture for the representation of object information in memory In the present experiment, we contrasted identification and episodic recognition for haptically presented two-dimensional patterns Haptic identification was not affected by elaborative processing at study, whereas haptic episodic recognition was enhanced by elaborative processing This finding suggests important similarities in the organization of object information in the visual and haptic modalities
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BartramD.J. (1974). The role of visual and semantic codes in object namingCognitive Psychology, 6, 325–356.
2.
BiedermanI.CooperE.E. (1991). Evidence for complete translational and reflectional invariance in visual object priming. Perception, 10, 585–593.
3.
BiedermanI.CooperE.E. (1992). Scale invariance in visual object primingJournal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance, 18, 121–133.
4.
CaveC.B.BestP.R.CobbR.E. (1996). Effects of color and pattern on implicit and explicit picture memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 639–653.
5.
CaveC.B.SquireL.R. (1992). Intact and long-lasting repetition priming in amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, 18, 509–520.
6.
CooperL.A.SchacterD.L.BallesterosS.MooreC. (1992). Priming and recognition of three dimensional objects. Effects of size and reflection. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, 18, 43–57.
7.
HamannS.B. (1996). Implicit memory in the tactile modality. Evidence from Braille stem completion in the blind. Psychological Science, 7, 284–288.
8.
JolicoeurP. (1987). A size-congruency effect in memory for visual shape. Memory and Cognition, 15, 531–543.
9.
Kersteen TuckerZ. (1991). Long term repetition priming with symmetrical polygons and words. Memory & Cognition, 19, 37–43.
10.
KrollJ.F.PotterM.C. (1984). Recognizing words pictures and concepts: A comparison of lexical object and reality decisionsJournal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 28, 425–449.
11.
LachmanJ.L.LachmanR. (1980). Age and the actualization of world knowledge. InPoonL.W.FozardJ.L.CermakL.S.ArenbergD.ThomsonL.W., (Eds.), New directions in memory and aging, (pp.285–311), Hillsdale, NJErlbaum.
12.
LedermanS.J.KlatzkyR.L.ChatawayC.SummersC. (1990). Visual mediation and the haptic recognition of two-dimensional pictures of common objects. Perception & Psychophysics, 47, 54–64.
13.
MillikenB.JolicoeurP. (1992). Sue effects in visual recognition memory are determined by perceived size. Memory & Cognition, 20, 83–95.
14.
MusenG.TreismanA. (1990). Implicit and explicit memory for visual patterns, Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, 16, 127–137.
15.
RoedigerH.L.SrinivasK. (1993). Specificity of operations in perceptual priming. InGrafP.MassonM.E.J., (Eds.), Implicit memory New directions in cognition development and neuropsychology, (pp.17–48), Hillsdale, NJErlbaum.
16.
SchacterD.L.ChurchB. (1992). Auditory priming: Implicit and explicit memory for words and voices. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, 20, 915–930.
17.
SchacterD.L.CooperL.A.DelaneyS.M. (1990). Implicit memory for unfamiliar objects depends on access to structural descriptions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, General, 119, 5–24.
18.
SrinivasK. (1993). Perceptual specificity in nonverbal priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, 19, 582–602.
19.
SrinivasK. (1995). The representation of rotated object in explicit and implicit memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21, 1019–1036.
20.
SrinivasK. (1996a) Contrast and illumination effects on explicit and implicit measures of memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, 22, 1123–1135.
21.
SrinivasK. (1996b). Size and reflection effects in priming: A test of transfer appropriate processing, Memory & Cognition, 24, 441–452.
22.
SrinivasK.RoedigerH.L. (1990). Classifying implicit memory tests Category association and anagram solution. Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 389–412.
23.
TulvingE.SchacterD.L. (1990). Priming and human memory systems. Science, 247, 301–306.
24.
WeldonM. S.RoedigerH.L. (1987). Altering retrieval demands reverses the picture superiority effect. Memory and Cognition, 15, 269–280.
