The Emerging Ec Party System? The European Party Federations in the Intergovernmental Conferences

Agence Europe, Brussels: Agence Internationale D'Information Pour La Presse.

Attinà F. (1991) ‘Parties, party systems and democracy in the European Union’, International Spectator, 27(3), pp. 67–86.

Bardi L. (1992) ‘Transnational party federations in the European Community’ in Katz R.S. Mair P. (eds.) Party Organizations: A Data Handbook on Party Organizations in Western Democracies, 1960–1990. London: Sage.

Bogdanor V. (1988) ‘Federalism in Switzerland’, Government and Opposition, 3(1).

Bulmer S. (1983) ‘Domestic politics and European Community policy-making’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 21(4).

Chambers W.N. (1975) ‘Party development and the American mainstream’, in Chambers W.N. Burnham W.D. (eds.) The American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development. Second Edition. New York Oxford University Press.

Claeys P-H. Loeb-Mayer N. (1979) ‘Trans-European party groupings: The emergence of new and alignment of old parties in light of the direct elections to the European Parliament’, Government and Opposition, 4(4).

Confederation of Socialist Parties of the European Community (1989) Rules of Procedure of the Socialist Confederation. CSP Documentation.

Confederation of Socialist Parties of the European Community (1990) Party Leaders' Declaration on the Intergovernmental Conferences. 10 December, Madrid.

Council of the European Communities (1992) Treaty on European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Duverger M. (1992) ‘Vers des partis européens’, Le Monde, 25 January.

Elazar D. (1987) Exploring Federalism. Birmingham: University of Alabama Press.

Epstein L.D. (1967) Political Parties in Western Democracies. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

European People's Party (1990) Statutes of the European People's Party. EPP Documentation.

Federation of European Liberal, Democratic and Reform Parties (1991) Statutes of the ELDR. ELDR Documentation.

Fiorina M.P. (1987) ‘Party government in the United States - diagnosis and prognosis’, in Katz R.S. (ed.) Party Governments: European and American Experiences. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

Gazzo E. (1991) ‘Political parties and Europe - towards a Copernican change?’, Agence Europe, 15/16 April.

Gruner E. (1977) Die Parteien in der Schweiz. Bern: Francke Verlag, 2nd edn.

Hix S. (forthcoming) The European party federations: From transnational party co-operation to nascent European parties’ in Gaffney J. (ed.) Political Parties and the European Community. London: Routledge.

Hertig H.P. (1978) ‘Party cohesion in the Swiss parliament’, Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3(1).

Ionescu G. (1988) ‘The relevance of Switzerland for modern polities’, Government and Opposition, 3(1).

Katz R.S. (1986) ‘Party government: A rationalistic conception’ in Katz R.S. (ed.) Party Governments: European and American Experiences, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

Kerr H.H. Jr. (1987) ‘The Swiss party system: Steadfast and changing’ in Daalder H. (ed.) Party Systems in Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Belgium. London: Pinter.

Kinnock N. (1991) Statement at the Meeting of the Leaders of the Socialist Parties of the EC, 3 June, Luxembourg.

Kirchner E.J. (1992) Decision Making in the European Community: The Council Presidency and European Integration. Manchester Manchester University Press.

Labour Party (1990) Meet the Challenge, Make the Change: A New Agenda for Britain. Final Report of Labour's Policy Review for the 1990s. London: Labour Party.

Labour Party NEC (1990) Economic and Monetary Union, 6 November.

Labour Party NEC (1991a) Economic and Monetary Union, 8 July.

Labour Party NEC (1991b) Labour and Europe, 30 October.

Lehner F. Homann B. (1987) ‘Consociational decision-making and party government in Switzerland’ in Katz R.S. (ed.) Party Governments: European and American Experiences. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

Lijphart A. (1968) ‘Typologies of democratic systems’, Comparative Political Studies, 1(1).

Lijphart A. (1969) ‘Consociational democracy’, World Politics, 21(3).

Lijphart A. (1979) ‘Consociation and federation: Conceptual and empirical links’, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 22(4).

Lijphart A. (1984) Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-one Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Lodge J. Herman V. (1982) The Direct Elections to the European Parliament. London: Macmillan.

Lodge J. (1986) Direct Elections to the European Parliament 1984. London: Macmillan.

Lodge J. (ed.) (1989) The 1989 Elections of the European Parliament. London: Macmillan.

Marquand D. (1978) ‘Towards a Europe of the parties’, Political Quarterly, 49(4).

Moravcsik A. (1991) ‘Negotiating the Single European Act: National interest and conventional statecraft in the European Community’, International Organization, 45(1).

Niedermeyer O. (1984) ‘The transnational dimension of the election’, Electoral Studies, 3(3).

Pappi F-U. (1984) ‘The West German party system’, West European Politics, 7(4).

Pridham G. Pridham P. (1979) ‘The new European party federations and direct elections’, The World Today, 35(2).

Pridham G. Pridham P. (1981) Transnational Party Co-operation and European Integration: The Process Towards the Direct Elections. London: Allen & Urwin.

Riker W.H. (1964) Federalism; Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston: Little, Brown.

Sartori G. (1976) Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis, Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sbragia A.M. (1992) ‘Thinking about the European future: The uses of comparisons’, in Sbragia A.M. (ed.) Euro-Politics: Institutions and Policymaking in the ‘New’ European Community. Washington DC: Brookings Institute.

Scharpf F.W. (1988) ‘The joint-decision trap: Lessons from German federalism and European integration’, Public Administration, 66(2).

Taylor P. (1991) ‘The European Community and the state: Assumptions, theories and propositions’, Review of International Studies, 17(2).

Wheare K.C. (1960) Federal Government. Oxford Oxford University Press.