This article is based around a review of five books on the Council on Foreign Relations, an elite American foreign affairs think-tank, written during the 1990s. It aims to consider some of the reasons for this upsurge in academic interest in the CFR, the character of the books themselves, and how they approach and analyse the organisation. In so doing, the article takes a critical stance to the literature and suggests what a more adequate theoretical approach to the CFR might look like.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbelsonD.E. (1996), American Think-tanks and Their Role in US Foreign Policy, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
2.
BundyW.P. (1994), The Council on Foreign Relations and Foreign Affairs. Notes for a History, New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
3.
ChadwinM.L. (1968), The Hawks of World War II, Chapel Hill, N.C.: UNC Press.
4.
CloughM. (1994), ‘Grass-roots Policymaking: Say Good-bye to the “Wise Men”’, Foreign Affairs73(1), pp. 2–7.
5.
CockettR. (1994), Thinking the Unthinkable. Think-tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution, 1931–1983, London: Fontana Press.
6.
CourtneyP. (1971), Nixon and the CFR, New Orleans: Free Men Speak.
7.
DenhamA.GarnettM. (1998), British Think-tanks and the Climate of Opinion, London: UCL Press.
8.
DomhoffG.W. (1990), The Power Elite and the State, New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
9.
GroseP. (1996), Continuing the Inquiry. The Council on Foreign Relations From 1921 to 1996, New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
10.
EisenachE.J. (1994), The Lost Promise of Progressivism, Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas.
11.
EvansP.SkocpolT. (eds.) (1985), Bringing the State Back In, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12.
HarperJ.L. (1996), American Visions of Europe, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
13.
HawleyEllis (1978), ‘The Discovery and Study of a “Corporate Liberalism”’, Business History Review12(3), pp. 309–320.
14.
HiggottR.StoneD. (1994), ‘The Limits of Influence: Foreign Policy Think Tanks in Britain and the USA’, Review of International Studies20(1), pp. 15–34.
15.
HixonW.L. (1989), George F. Kennan, Oxford: Columbia University Press.
16.
HoareQ.Nowell-SmithG. (eds.) (1971), Selections From the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, London: Lawrence and Wishart.
17.
HoganM. (1986), ‘Corporatism: A Positive Appraisal’, Diplomatic History10.
18.
HoganM. (1989), The Marshall Plan, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19.
HoganM. (1998), Cross of Iron. Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945–1954, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20.
HylandW. G. (1992), ‘Foreign Affairs at 70’, Foreign Affairs71(4), pp. 171–193.
21.
IsaacsonW. (1989), The Wise Men, London: Faber.
22.
KrasnerS. (1978), Defending the National Interest, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
23.
McCormickT.J. (1982), ‘Drift or Mastery? A Corporatist Synthesis for American Diplomatic History’, Reviews in American History, pp. 318–330.
24.
McManusJ.F. (1995), The Insiders: Architects of the New World Order, John Birch Society.
25.
NadelM.V.RourkeF.E. (1975), ‘Bureaucracies’ in GreensteinF.I.PolsbyN.W. (eds.), Handbook of Political Science, Vol. V, Governmental Institutions and Processes, London: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., pp. 373–440.
26.
ParmarI. (1995), ‘The Issue of State Power: The Council on Foreign Relations as a Case Study’, Journal of American Studies29(1), pp. 73–95.
27.
ParmarI. (1999a), ‘Mobilizing America for an Internationalist Foreign Policy: The Role of the Council on Foreign Relations’, Studies in American Political Development, pp. 337–373.
28.
ParmarI. (1999b), ‘The Carnegie Corporation and the Mobilisation of Opinion During the United States’ Rise to Globalism, 1939–1945’, Minerva, pp. 355–378.
29.
SantoroC.M. (1992), Diffidence and Ambition. The Intellectual Sources of American Foreign Policy, Oxford: Westview Press.
30.
SchlesingerA.Jnr (1995), ‘Back to the Womb? Isolationism's Renewed Threat’, Foreign Affairs74(4), pp. 2–8.
31.
SchulzingerR.D. (1984), The Wise Men of Foreign Affairs. History of the Council on Foreign Relations, New York: Columbia University Press.
32.
ShepardsonW.H. (1960), Early History of the Council on Foreign Relations, New York: CFR.
33.
ShoupL.H.MinterW. (1977), Imperial Brain Trust. The Council on Foreign Relations and United States Foreign Policy, New York: Monthly Review Press.
34.
SkocpolT. (1979), States and Social Revolutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35.
SmithJ.A. (1991), The Idea Brokers. Think Tanks and the Rise of the New Policy Elite, New York: The Free Press.
36.
StephansonA. (1989), Kennan and the Art of Foreign Policy, London: Harvard University Press.
37.
StoneD. (1996), Capturing the Political Imagination. Thinktanks and the Policy Process, London: Frank Cass.
38.
StoneD.DenhamA.GarnettM. (1998), Think Tanks Across Nations: A Comparative Approach, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
39.
TuckerRobert W. (1980–1981), ‘The Purposes of American Power’, Foreign Affairs59(1), pp. 241–274.
40.
WalaM. (1994), The Council on Foreign Relations and American Foreign Policy in the Early Cold War, Oxford: Berghahn Books.