Why Child Care Has Little Impact on Most Children's Development

Belsky J. (1984) Two waves of day care research: Developmental effects and conditions of quality. in Ainslie R.C. (Ed.), The Child and the day care setting (pp.24–42), New York: Praeger.

Belsky J. Rovine M.J. (1988). Nonmaternal care in the first year of life and the infant-parent attachment. Child Development, 59, 157–167.

Bolger K.E. Scarr S. (1995). Not so far from home: How family characteristics predict child care quality. Early Development and Parenting. 4, 103–112.

Bowman B. (1952). Child development and its implications for day care. In Booth A (Ed.), Child care in the 1990s. Trends and consequences (pp.95–100), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Bredekamp S. (1989, October) Measuring quality through a national accreditation system for early childhood programs. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.

Chin-Quee D. Scarr S. (1994). Lack of longitudinal effects of infant and preschool child care on school-age children's social and intellectual development. Early Development and Parenting2, 103–112.

Clarke-Stewart K.A , (1989), Infant day care: Maligned or malignant? American Psychologist, 44, 266–273.

Clarke-Stewart K.A. Gruber C.P. Fitzgerald L.M. (1994). Children at home and in day care. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Cost, Quality, and Child Outcomes Study Team. (1995), Cost, quality, and child outcomes in child care centers, public report (2nd ed.). Denver: University of Colorado at Denver, Economics Department.

Deater-Deckard K. Pinkerton K. Scarr S. (1996). Child care quality and children's behavioral adjustment: A four-year longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 37, 937–948.

Field I. (1991). Quality infant day-care and grade school behavior and performance. Child Development, 62, 863–870.

Galinsky E. Howes C. Kontos S. Shinn M. (1994). The study of children in family child care and relative care. New York: Families and Work Institute.

Hofferth S. (1996). Child care in the United States today. The Future of Children, 6(2), 41–61.

Hofferth S. Brayfield A. Deich S. Holcomb P. (1991). National child care survey 1990. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

Howes C. (1988). Relations between early child care and schooling-Developmental Psychology, 24, 53–57.

Howes C. Olenick M (1986). Family and child care influences on toddlers compliance. Child Development. 57. 202–216.

Howes C. Phillips D.A. Whitebook M. (1992), Thresholds of quality: Implications for the social development of children in center-based child care. Child Development. 63, 449–460.

Lamb M . (in press). Nonparental child care: Context, quality, correlates, and consequences. In Damon W. (Series Ed.) & Sigel I.E. Renniger K.A. (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Child psychology in practice (4th ed.). New York: Wiley.

Lamb M. Sternberg K.J. Prodromidis M (1992). The effects of day care on infant-mother attachment: A re-analysis of the dataINFANT BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT, 15. 71–83.

McCartney K. Marshall N. (1989). The development of child care research. Newsletter of the Division of Children, Youth, and Family Services, American Psychological Association, 12 (4), 14–15.

McCartney K. Scarr S. Phillips D. Grajek S. (1985), Day care as intervention: Comparisons of varying quality programs, JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 6, 247–260.

McCartney K. Scarr S. Rocheleau A. Phillips D. Eisenberg M. Keefe N. Rosenthal S. Abbott-Shim M. (1997). Social development in the context of typical center-based child care. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. 43, 426–450.

NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (1996). Characteristics of infant child care: Factors contributing to positive caregiving, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 11, 269–306.

NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, (in press), The effects of infant child care on infant-mother attachment security: Results of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Child Development.

Phillips D. McCartney K. Scarr S. Howes C. (1987). Selective review of infant day care research: A cause for concern. Zero to Three, 7, 18–21.

Ramey C. Ramey S. (1992). Early educational intervention with disadvantaged children—what effect? Applied and Preventive Psychology, 1, 131–140.

Scarr S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990's: Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63, 1–19.

Scarr S . (in press). American child care today. American Psychologist.

Scarr S. Eisenberg M. (1993). Child care research: Issues, perspectives, and results. Annual Review of Psychology, 44. 613–644.

Scarr S. Eisenberg M. Deater-Deckard K. (1994). Measurement of quality in child care centers. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 9, 131–151.

Scarr S. Lande J. McCartney K. (1989), Child care and the family: Cooperation and interaction. In Lande J. Scarr S. Guzenhauser N. (Eds.), Caring for children: Challenge to America (pp.8–21). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Scarr S. McCartney K. Miller S. Hauenstein E. Ricciuti A. (1994). Evaluation of an island-wide screening, assessment and treatment program. Early Development and Parenting, 3, 199–210.

Scarr S. Phillips D. McCartney K. Abbott-Shim M. (1993). Quality of childcare as an aspect of family and child care policy in the United States. Pediatrics, 91(1), 182–188.

Scarr S. Thompson W. (1994). Effects of maternal employment and nonmaternal infant care on development at two and four years. Early Development and Parenting. 3, 113–123.

Vandell D.L. Henderson V.K. Wilson K.S. (1988). A longitudinal study of children with day-care experiences of varying quality. Child Development, 59, 1286–1292.

Whitebook M. Howes C. Phillips D. (1991). Who cares? Child care teachers and the quality of care in America, Final report of the National Child Care Staffing Study. Oakland, CA: Center on Child Care Staffing.