Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The aim of this work is to characterize the interface between a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) and a resin epoxy matrix. More precisely, we want to associate the roughness of the wire with the adhesion between the fiber/matrix. The effect of various surface treatments applied to SMA NiTi wires on the quality of the fiber/matrix interface is presented and discussed. First, a profilometric study is carried out on the different wires. The parameters, which characterize the vertical distribution of the roughness and the wire morphology, are determined. The topographic study reveals that the surface treatments which are applied strongly modify the external surface of the wire. In the second part of this work the adhesion fiber/matrix is quantified by using a pull-out test. These experimental results are analyzed and compared with the roughness parameters. This comparative study enables us to determine the wire morphology which will guarantee the best adhesion fiber/matrix. The roughness parameters are sufficient for the choice of the wire which will be embedded into the resin.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

1. C. Liang , J. Lia and C. A. Rogers . 1989. “Behavior of shape memory alloy reinforced composite plates,” Proceedings of 30th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, vol. AIAA-89-1331-CP, p. 1504-1513.

2. A. Baz , S. Poh , J. Ro , M. Mutua and J. Gilheany . 1992. “Active control of Nitinol-reinforced composite beam,” Intelligent Structural Systems, p. 169-212.

3. Y. Furnya . 1995. “Design and experimental verifications of intelligent materials using shape memory alloy,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Microsystems, Intelligent Materials and Robots, September 27-29 1995, Sendai, Japan, p. 313-318.

4. M. Salvia and J. Grando. 1996. “Influence des conditions d’élaboration sur les performances des composites hybrides adaptable,” Journées Nationales sur les Composites no. 10, 29-31 octobre 1996, Paris, p 123-130.

5. K. Jonnalagadda , G. E. Kline and N. R. Sottos . 1995. “Local displacements and load transfer in shape memory alloy composites,” Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Report no. 805 UILU -ENG 95-6027, p. 1-18.

6. V. Bechel and N. R. Sottos . 1998. “Application of debond length measurements to examine the mechanics of fiber pushout,” Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 46, p. 1675-1697.

7. G. Xu , D. C. Lagoudas , J. T. Wen and D. Hughes . 1995. “Thermo-electro-mechanical Modeling and Structural Response of a Flexible Beam with External SMA actuators,” SPIE vol. 2442, p. 503-515.

8. J. Jia and C. A. Rogers . 1989. “Formulation of a mechanical model for composites with embedded S.M.A. actuators,” The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Book No. H00506 p. 203-210.

9. Z. Chaudry and C. A. Rogers . 1989, “Response of composite beams to an internal actuator force,” Proceedings of 32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, vol. AIAA-91-1166-CP, p. 186-193.

10.

10. A. Baz and J. Ro . 1992. “Thermo-dynamic characteristics of nitinol reinforced composite beams, Composites Engineering, 2: p. 527-542.

11.

11. B. Gabry. 1994. “Etude thermomecanique d’alliages à mémoire de forme: CuAlNi et NiTi,” D.E.A. de l’Université de Franche-Comté, no. d’ordre 1717.

12.

12. S. Leclercq. 1995. “De la modélisation thermomécanique et de l’utilisation des alliages à mémoire de forme,” Thèse de l’Université de Franche-Comté S.P.I., no. d’ordre 450.

13.

13. K. J. Stout , P. J. Sullivan , W. P. Dong , E. Mainsah , N. Luo , T. Mathia and H. Zahouani . 1993. “The development methods for the characterization of roughness in 3 dimensions,” phase II report, vol. 1 et 2.

14.

14. B. Gabry. 1998. “Caractérisation et utilization des AMP comme actionneur,” Thèse de l’Université de Franche-Comté S.P.I., no. d’ordre 705.

15.

15. C. Fayolle. 1983. “Analyse statistique de la topographic des surface,” Thèse de Docteur Ingénieur, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, no. d’ordre ECL 83-02.

16.

16. Chun-Hway Hsueh . 1993. “Embedded end debonding during fiber pull-out,” Materials Science and Engineering, A163 (1993) L1-L4.

17.

17. J. P. Favre, G. Desarmot, V. Orlionnet and F. Saint Antonin. 1986. “Techniques de fragmentation pour la mesure de l’adhésion fibre-matrice,” Journées Nationales sur les Composites no. 5—pluralis, Paris 1986, p. 210-223.

18.

18. P. Le Moal and D. Perreux . 1993. “Evaluation of creep compliances of unidirectional fibre reinforced composites,” Composites Science and Technology, p. 469-477.

19.

19. S. Leclercq and C. Lexcellent . 1996. “A general macroscopic description of the thermomechanical behavior shape memory alloys,” Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 44, no. 6, p. 953-980.

20.

20. B. Greszczuk . 1969. “Theoretical studies of the mechanics of the fiber-matrix interface in composites,” ASTM STP 452, American Society for Testing and Material, p. 42-58.

21.

21. J. E. Bidaux , J. A. E. Manson , R. Gotthardt . 1997. “Active stiffening of composite materials by embedded shape-memory-alloy fibers,” Material Research Society, Symp. Proc., vol. 459, p. 107-117.

Topographic Study of Shape Memory Alloy Wires Used as Actuators in Smart Materials

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References