The biocompatibility, release and efficacy of gentamicin released from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) beads in an osteomyelitis model were evaluated. Microsphere particles of PLA containing gentamicin were compressed into 2.5 mm beads. Osteomyelitis was induced in the tibia by a gentamicin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 32 Sprague-Dawley rats. Following debridement at 8 weeks, rats were randomized into four groups: 1) gentamicin-impregnated PLA bead implant, 2) PLA bead without gentamicin, 3) once-daily gentamicin injections (5 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 14 days, and 4) no treatment (control). Rats were sacrificed at 7 weeks, and the tibias were sampled for quantitative culture, histologic scoring and gentamicin concentration. Radiography and culture in 31 of the 32 rats confirmed osteomyelitis. A low level of gentamicin was measured in the serum of group 1 rats up to day 42. Gentamicin was not detectable in bone samples. There was no significant difference in radiographic scores, histologic scores or quantitative culture results between the groups. This study confirmed the consistency of this model, the biocompatibility of the PLA implants and the low level release of gentamicin from implanted beads.
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