Polyurethane-phosphates combination is known to form flame retardant (FR) intumescent system. But the intumescent formulation could not be permanent because of the water solubility of the phosphate. This problem could be solved by the technique of microencapsulation. Microcapsules of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) with a polyurethane (PU) shell were synthesized. Chemical and physical structure of the DAHP microcapsules were characterized. Cotton fabrics were coated with polyurethane (PU) coating including neat DAHP or encapsulated DAHP. The flame retarding behavior of these coated cotton fabrics was valued with the cone calorimeter. This new concept of phosphate encapsulated by PU shell showed a significant FR effect.
1. Bugajny, M., Le Bras, M., Bourbigot, S., Poutch, F. and Lefebvre, J.M., Journal of Fire Sciences, 17:494–513 (1999).
2.
2. Bugajny, M., Le Bras, M. and Bourbigot, S., Journal of Fire Sciences, 18:7–27 (2000).
3.
3. Bugajny, M., Le Bras, M., Noël, A. and Bourbigot, S., Journal of Fire Sciences, 18(1):1–26 (2000).
4.
4. Le Bras, M., Bugajny, M., Lefebvre, J. M. and Bourbigot, S., Polymer International, 49:1115–1124 (2000).
5.
5. Le Bras, M. and Bourbigot, S., Fire Retardancy of Polymers—The Use of Intumescence, edited by M. Le Bras, G. Camino, S. Bourbigot and R. Delobel, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (1998) p. 64-64.
6.
6. Vandersall, H.L., J. Fire Flamm., 2:97-97 (1971).
8. Jansen, L.J.J.M. and Nijenhuis, K.Te., Journal of Membranes Sciences, 65:59–75(1992).
9.
9. Jansen, L.J.J.M. and Nijenhuis, K.Te. and Boersma, A., Journal of Membranes Sciences, 79:11–26 (1993).
10.
10. Thie, C., “Microencapsulation,”Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, (2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons), New York (1987).
11.
11. Hong, K. and Park, S., Reactive & Functional Polymers, 42:193–200 (1999).
12.
12. Ichikawa, K., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 54:1321–1327 (1994).
13.
13. Yadav, S.K., Suresh, A.K. and Khilar, K.C., AIChE Journal, 36:431–438 (1990).
14.
14. Mathiowitz, E. and Cohen, M.D., Journal of Membranes Sciences, 40:1–26 (1989).
15.
15. Babrauskas, V., Development of Cone Calorimeter—A Bench Scale Rate of Heat Release Based on Oxygen Consumption, NBS-IR 82-2611, US Nat. Bur. Stand., Gaithersburg (1982).
16.
16. Babrauskas, V., Fire and Materials, 8(2): 81–81 (1984).
17.
17. Babrauskas, V. and Grayson, S.J., Heat Release in Fires, Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd, London (1992).
18.
18. Arshady, R., J. Microencapsulation, 6:13–28 (1989).
19.
19. Frere, Y., Danicher, L. and Gramain, P., European Polymer Journal, 34:193–199 (1998).
20.
20. Koishi, M., Fukuhara, N. and Kondo, T., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 17:804–809 (1969).
21.
21. Poncelet de Smet, B., Poncelet, D. and Neufeld, R.J., The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 68:443–447 (1990).
22.
22. Pretsch, E., Tables Spectral Data for Structure Determination of Organic Compounds, Springer Verlag, 2nd Ed., Berlin (1989).
