Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a dynamic disease process that results in two distinct but related conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT is thrombus formation that most commonly, but not exclusively, affects the lower limbs. The estimated incidence of symptomatic DVT is 1 per 1000 per year in the general population of the UK; however, it is often asymptomatic and thus the overall incidence is likely to be higher. Significant complications arising from DVT include PE (often from an asymptomatic DVT) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), which occurs in 30% of patients with proven DVT. There is significant morbidity and mortality associated with both of these conditions, but with timely diagnosis and treatment much of this is potentially preventable. Therefore, a high index of suspicion within primary care is needed to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This article aims to highlight the current evidence-based management of DVT and PE, from clinical suspicion to treatment.