Cauda Equina Syndrome

Abstract

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a relatively uncommon condition typically associated with a large space-occupying lesion within the canal of the lumbosacral spine. It is one of the few spinal surgical emergencies and its prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment are of paramount importance as, otherwise, patients could be left with permanent and disabling neurological deficits involving lower limb sensorimotor function, bladder, bowel and sexual function. Furthermore, and as a result of perceived delays in diagnosis and treatment culminating in a suboptimal functional outcome, CES carries a disproportionately high medicolegal profile. This article aims to provide a simple overview of lumbar disc prolapse, CES and its initial management in primary care.