Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2014-10
Heterochromatin Polymorphism and Physical Mapping of 5S and 18S Ribosomal DNA in Four Populations of Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan,1907) from the Paraná River Basin,Brazil: Evolutionary and Environmental Correlation
A cytogenetic analysis was performed on four populations of Hypostomus strigaticeps from the Paraná River basin, Brazil. Two populations were collected from the large channel river at the Itaipu reservoir area and the other two were from the upper stretches of tributaries of the Paraná River. All populations showed 2n=72 chromosomes (12m+12sm+18st+30a), intra- and interpopulation 18S rDNA site polymorphisms (two to three acrocentric chromosome pairs), and multiple 5S rDNA sites in three chromosome pairs (4, 21, and 28). C-banding revealed heterochromatin located in the centromere and pericentromere regions of most chromosome; however, large heterochromatic blocks (CMA3−/DAPI+) on the long arm of acrocentric chromosomes identified intra- and interpopulation polymorphism. The amount and distribution of heterochromatin seem to be correlated to biogeographical characteristics of H. strigaticeps along the Paraná River. Morphometric results also showed diversity among the populations, suggesting phenotypic plasticity of this species. Evolutionary, taxonomy, and biogeographical approaches with regard to H. strigaticeps and interrelationships in Hypostomus are discussed.
ArmbrusterJW. Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae e Ancistrinae. Zool J Linn Soc, 2004; 141:1–80.
3.
ReisRE, PereiraEHL, ArmbrusterJW. Delturinae, a new loricariid catfish subfamily (Teleostei, Siluriformes), with revisions of Delturus and Hemipsilichthys. Zool J Linn Soc, 2006; 147:277–299.
4.
ChiachioMC, OliveiraC, Montoya-BurgosJI. Molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored Neotropical catfishes Hypoptopomatinae and Neoplecostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2008; 49:606–617.
5.
ZawadzkiCH, TencattLFC, FroehlichO. A new uniscuspid-toothed species of Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguai basin. Neot Ichthyol, 2014; 12:97–104.
6.
WeberC: Subfamily hypostominae. In: Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. ReisRE, KullanderSO, FerrarisCJJr. (eds), pp. 351–372, Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2003.
7.
MuramotoJI, OhnoS, AtkinNB. On the diploid state of the fish order Ostariophysi. Chromosoma, 1968; 24:59–66.
8.
CerealiSS, PominiE, RosaR, ZawadzkiCH, FroehlichO, Giuliano-CaetanoL. Karyotype description of two species of Hypostomus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) of the Planalto da Bodoquena, Brazil. Genet Mol Res, 2008; 7:583–591.
9.
ArtoniRF, BertolloLAC. Cytogenetic studies on Hypostominae (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Considerations on Karyotype evolution in the genus Hypostomus. Caryologia, 1996; 49:81–90.
10.
ArtoniRF, BertolloLAC. Trends in the karyotype evolution of Loricariidae fish (Siluriformes). Hereditas, 2001; 134:201–210.
11.
AlvesLA, OliveriaC, ForestiF. Comparative cytogenetic analysis of eleven species of subfamilies Neoplecostominae and Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Genetica, 2005; 124:127–136.
12.
BuenoV, ZawadzkiCH, MargaridoVP. Trends in chromosome evolution in the genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Osteichthys, Loricariidae): a new perspective about the correlation between diploid number and chromosome types. Rev Fish Biol Fish, 2012; 22:241–250.
13.
BuenoV, VenerePC, ZawadzkiCH, MargaridoVP. Karyotypic diversification in Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae): biogeographical and phylogenetic perspectives. Rev Fish Biol Fish, 2013; 23:103–112.
14.
MolinaWF, GelettiPMJr. Early replication banding in Leporinus species (Osteichthyes, Characiformes) bearing differentiated sex chromosomes (ZW). Genetica, 2007; 130:153–160.
15.
CentofanteL, BertolloLAC, Moreira-FilhoO. A ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in a new species of the Parodon (Pisces, Parodontidae). Caryologia, 2002; 55:139–150.
16.
RosaR, BellafronteE, Moreira-FilhoO, MargaridoVP. Constitutive heterochromatin, 5S and 18S rDNA genes in Apareiodon sp. (Characiformes, Parodontidae) with a ZZ/ZW sex system. Genetica, 2006; 128:159–166.
17.
FeldbergE, BertolloLAC, Almeida-ToledoL, Moreira-FilhoO. Biological aspects of Amazonian fishes. IX. Cytogenetic studies in two species of the genus Semaprochilodus (Pisces, Prochilodontidae). Genome, 1987; 29:1–4.
18.
SouzaIL, Moreira-FilhoO, GalettiPMJr. Heterochromatin differentiation in the characid fish Astyanax scabripinnis. Braz J Genet, 1996; 19:405–410.
19.
MargaridoVP, GalettiPMJr. Amplification of a GC-rich heterochromatin in the freshwater fish Leporinus desmotes (Characiformes, Anostomidae). Genet Mol Biol, 2000; 23:569–573.
20.
ArtoniRF, BertolloLAC. Nature and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in fishes, genus Hypostomus (Loricariidae). Genetica, 1999; 106:209–214.
21.
TraldiJB, VicariMR, BlancoDR, MartinezJF, ArtoniRF, Moreira-FilhoO. Fisrt karyotype description of Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908): a case of heterochromatic polymorphism. Comp Cytogenet, 2012; 6:115–125.
22.
BitencourtJA, AffonsoPRAM, Giuliano-CaetanoL, DiasAL. Heterochromatin heterogeneity in Hypostomus prope unae (Steindachner, 1978) (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from Northeastern Brazil. Comp Cytogenet, 2011; 5:329–344.
23.
ReganCT. Description of new loricariid fishes from South America. Proc Zool Soc Lond, 1907; 4:795–800.
24.
BorbaRS, ZawadzkiCH, OliveiraC, PerdicesA, Parise-MaltempiPP, AlvesAL. Phylogeography of Hypostomus strigaticeps (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) inferres by mitochondrial DNA reveals ita distribution in the upper Paraná River basin. Neot Ichthyol, 2013; 11:111–116.
25.
HaasTC, BlumMJ, HeinsC. Morphological responses of a stream fish to water impoundment. Biol Lett, 2010; 6:803–806.
26.
FranssenNR, StewartLK, SchaeferJF. Morphological divergence and flow-induced phenotypic plasticity in a native fish from anthropogenically altered stream habitats. Ecol Evol, 2013; 3:4648–4657.
27.
GriffithsSP. The use clove oil as an anaesthetic and method for sampling intertidal rockpool fishes. J Fish Biol, 2000; 57:1453–1464.
HowellWM, BlackDA. Controled silver staining of nucleous organizer regions with protective colloidal developer: a 1-step method. Experientia, 1980; 36:1014–1015.
30.
SumnerAT. A simple techinique for demonstrating contromeric heterochromatin. Exp Cell Res, 1972; 75:304–306.
31.
LuiRL, BlancoDR, Moreira-FilhoO, MargaridoVP. Propidium iodide for making heterochromatin more evident in the C-banding technique. Biotech Histochem, 2012; 87:433–438.
32.
PinkelD, SraumeT, GrayJW. Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative high sensitivity, fluorescence hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1986; 83:2934–2938.
33.
MargaridoVP, Moreira-FilhoO. Karyotypic differentiation through chromosome fusion and number reduction in Imparfinis hollandi (Ostariophysi, Heptapteridae). Genet Mol Biol, 2008; 31:235–238.
34.
MartinsC, GalettiPMJr. Chromosomal localization of 5S rDNA genes in Leporinus elongatus fish (Anostomidae, Characiformes). Chromosome Res, 1999; 7:363–367.
35.
HatanakaT, GalettiPMJr. Mapping 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the fish Prochilodus argenteus Agassiz, 1929 (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae). Genetica, 2004; 122:239–244.
36.
SchweizerD. Simultaneous fluorescent staining of R-bands and specific heterochromatin regions (DAPI bands) in human chromosomes. Cytogenet Cell Genet, 1980; 27:190–193.
37.
LevanA, FredgaK, SandbergAA. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 1964; 52:201–220.
38.
BoesemanM. The genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803, and its Surinam representatives (Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Zool Verh, 1968; 99:1–89.
39.
RubertM, RosaR, JerepFC, BertolloLAC, Giuliano-CaetanoL. Cytogenetic characterization of four species of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) with comments on its chromosomal diversity. Comp Cytogenet, 2011; 5:397–410.
40.
Pansonato-AlvesJC, SerranoEA, UtsunomiaR, ScacchettiPC, OliveiraC, ForestiF. Mapping five repetitive DNA classes in sympatric species of Hypostomus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae): analysis of chromosomal variability. Rev Fish Biol Fish, 2013; 23:477–489.
41.
Mendes-NetoEO, VicariMR, ArtoniRF, Moreira-FilhoO. Description of karyotype in Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905) (Teleostei, Loricariidae) from the Piumhi river in Brazil with comments on karyotype variation found in Hypostomus. Comp Cytogenet, 2011; 5:133–142.
42.
MartinsC, GalettiPMJr. Two 5S rDNA arrays in Neotropical fish species: is it a general rule for fishes?. Genetica, 2001; 111:439–446.
43.
NakajimaRT, Cabral-de-MelloDC, ValenteGT, VenerePC, MartinsC. Evolutionary dynamics of rRNA gene clusters in cichlid fish. BMC Evol Biol, 2012; 12:198.
44.
KavalcoKF, PazzaR, BertolloLAC, Moreira-FilhoO. Gene mapping of 5S rDNA sites in eight fish species from the Paraíba do Sul river basin, Brazil. Cytogenet. Genome Res, 2004; 106:107–110.
45.
SymonováR, MajtávonáZ, SemberA, StaakxGBO, BohlenJ, FreyhofJ, et al.Genome differentiation in a species pair of coregonine fishes: an extremely rapid speciation driver by stress-activated retrotransposons mediating extensive ribosomal DNA multiplications. BMC Evol Biol, 2013; 13:42.
46.
SchweizerD, LoidlJ. A model for heterochromatin dispersion and the evolution of C-band patters. Chromosome Today, 1987; 9:61–74.
47.
MolinaWF, ShibattaO, GalettiPMJr. Chromosomal evidence of population subdivision in the freshwater fish Leporinus elongatus in the Upper Paraná River basin. Genet Mol Biol, 2008; 31:270–274.
48.
AgostinhoAA, JúlioHFJr., Lowe-McConnelRH: Peixes da Bacia do Alto Rio Paraná. Estudos Ecológicos de Comunidades de Peixes Tropicais. Edusp, São Paulo, Brazil, 1999.
49.
ScarabottiPA, LópezJA, GhirardiR, ParmaMJ. Morphological plasticity associated with environmental hypoxia in Characiform fishes from neotropical floodplain lakes. Environ Biol Fish, 2011; 92:391–402.
50.
AgrawalAA. Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species. Science, 2001; 294:321326.
51.
ViaS, LandeR. Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Evolution, 1985; 39:505–522.
