This article argues that the greater male exposure to prenatal testosterone is not only an important but also one of the best documented neurobiological factors contributing to severe violence being almost exclusively male. The “best documented” component of the contention was supported by demonstrating that this variable satisfied four criteria for identifying a biological process that causes a sex difference that increases the risk of violence. The “importance” component of the contention was supported by establishing a direct link between this factor and the sex difference in dominance aggression.
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