Vaccinations have had tremendous success in the 20th century. However, in the 21st century, we are facing complex immunological issues in relation to controlling underlying infectious diseases. Therefore, new technologies are needed to develop vaccines against infectious diseases like respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and cytomegalovirus. In addition, recent emerging infections have taught us that we must prepare preventative measures in advance using our scientific abilities.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AnderholmKM, BierleCJ, SchleissMR. Cytomegalovirus vaccines: current status and future prospects. Drugs, 2016; 76:1625–1645.
2.
BonsignoriM, PollaraJ, MoodyMA, et al.Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating antibodies from an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial target multiple epitopes and preferentially use the VH1 gene family. J Virol, 2012; 86:11521–11532.
3.
BrendeB, FarrarJ, GashumbaD, et al.CEPI-a new global R&D organisation for epidemic preparedness and response. Lancet (London, England), 2017; 389:233–235.
DiazGranadosCA, DenisM, PlotkinS. Seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy and its determinants in children and non-elderly adults: a systematic review with meta-analyses of controlled trials. Vaccine, 2012; 31:49–57.
6.
DomnichA, ArataL, AmiciziaD, Puig-BarberaJ, GaspariniR, PanattoD. Effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine, 2017; 35:513–520.
7.
FiedlerK, LazzaroS, LutzJ, RauchS, HeidenreichR. mRNA cancer vaccines. Recent Results Cancer Res, 2016; 209:61–85.
8.
FlingaiS, CzerwonkoM, GoodmanJ, KudchodkarSB, MuthumaniK, WeinerDB. Synthetic DNA vaccines: improved vaccine potency by electroporation and co-delivered genetic adjuvants. Front Immunol, 2013; 4:354.
9.
GrahamBS. Vaccine development for respiratory syncytial virus. Curr Opin Virol, 2017; 23:107–112.
10.
GruberJF, GruberLM, WeberRP, Becker-DrepsS, Jonsson FunkM. Rotavirus vaccine schedules and vaccine response among infants in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2017; 4:ofx066.
11.
HarrisVC, ArmahG, FuentesS, et al.Significant correlation between the infant gut microbiome and rotavirus vaccine response in rural Ghana. J Infect Dis, 2017; 215:34–41.
12.
IzzoAA. Tuberculosis vaccines—perspectives from the NIH/NIAID Mycobacteria vaccine testing program. Curr Opin Immunol, 2017; 47:78–84.
13.
KobayashiM, VekemansJ, BakerCJ, RatnerAJ, Le DoareK, SchragSJ. Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries. F1000Res, 2016; 5:2355.
14.
LauringAS, JonesJO, AndinoR. Rationalizing the development of live attenuated virus vaccines. Nat Biotechnol, 2010; 28:573–579.
15.
LeeHC, ButlerM, WuSC. Using recombinant DNA technology for the development of live-attenuated dengue vaccines. Enzyme Microb Technol, 2012; 51:67–72.
16.
LiCK, RappuoliR, XuXN. Correlates of protection against influenza infection in humans—on the path to a universal vaccine?. Curr Opin Immunol, 2013; 25:470–476.
MatuschewskiK. Vaccines against malaria-still a long way to go. FEBS J, 2017; 284:2560–2568.
19.
MeadeBD, PlotkinSA, LochtC. Possible options for new pertussis vaccines. J Infect Dis, 2014; 209Suppl 1:S24–S27.
20.
NogalesA, Martinez-SobridoL. Reverse genetics approaches for the development of influenza vaccines. Int J Mol Sci, 2016; 18:205–238.
21.
PangT, MakTK, GublerDJ. Prevention and control of dengue-the light at the end of the tunnel. Lancet Infect Dis, 2017; 17:e79–e87.
22.
PlotkinS. The history of vaccination against cytomegalovirus. Med Microbiol Immunol, 2015; 204:247–254.
23.
PlotkinSA, MahmoudAA, FarrarJ. Establishing a global vaccine-development fund. N Engl J Med, 2015; 373:297–300.
24.
PollaraJ, EasterhoffD, FoudaGG. Lessons learned from human HIV vaccine trials. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 2017; 12:216–221.
25.
RappuoliR, BottomleyMJ, D'OroU, FincoO, De GregorioE. Reverse vaccinology 2.0: human immunology instructs vaccine antigen design. J Exp Med, 2016; 213:469–481.
26.
StephensonKE, D'CoutoHT, BarouchDH. New concepts in HIV-1 vaccine development. Curr Opin Immunol, 2016; 41:39–46.
27.
WilkinsonK, WeiY, SzwajcerA, et al.Efficacy and safety of high-dose influenza vaccine in elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine, 2017; 35:2775–2780.
28.
YenC, TateJE, HydeTB, et al.Rotavirus vaccines: current status and future considerations. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2014; 10:1436–1448.
