The aim of the study was to determine the role of brucellosis in children with fever of unknown origin (FUO) in the Aegean region of Turkey. For this purpose, the records of all children referred or admitted with diagnosis of FUO to the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ege University Medical School, between 2003 and 2008 were scanned and 92 cases were identified retrospectively. Fifty-eight of these 92 children (63%) were diagnosed with infectious diseases, brucellosis being the most frequent cause (15.2%). Although several other infectious diseases do appear as a cause of FUO, brucellosis should be particularly considered as a differential diagnosis.
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