BarthJH, LuvaiA, JassamN, et al.Comparison of method-related reference intervals for thyroid hormones: Studies from a prospective reference population and a literature review. Ann Clin Biochem, 2018; 55(1):107–112; doi: 10.1177/0004563217691549
2.
HollowellJG, StaehlingNW, FlandersWD, et al.Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2002; 87(2):489–499; doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.2.8182
3.
VadivelooT, DonnanPT, MurphyMJ, et al.Age- and gender-specific TSH reference intervals in people with no obvious thyroid disease in Tayside, Scotland: The Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, and Research Study (TEARS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013; 98(3):1147–1153; doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3191
4.
XingD, LiuD, LiR, et al.Factors influencing the reference interval of thyroid-stimulating hormone in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2021; 95(3):378–389; doi: 10.1111/cen.14454
5.
TaylorPN, LansdownA, WitczakJ, et al.Age-related variation in thyroid function—a narrative review highlighting important implications for research and clinical practice. Thyroid Res, 2023; 16(1):7; doi: 10.1186/s13044-023-00149-5
6.
BoucaiL, HollowellJG, SurksMI. An approach for development of age-, gender-, and ethnicity-specific thyrotropin reference limits. Thyroid, 2011; 21(1):5–11; doi: 10.1089/thy.2010.0092
7.
AndersenS, PedersenKM, BruunNH, et al.Narrow individual variations in serum T(4) and T(3) in normal subjects: A clue to the understanding of subclinical thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2002; 87(3):1068–1072; doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.3.8165
8.
NagayamaI, YamamotoK, SaitoK, et al.Subject-based reference values in thyroid function tests. Endocr J, 1993; 40(5):557–562; doi: 10.1507/endocrj.40.557
9.
TaylorPN, RazviS, PearceSH, et al.Clinical review: A review of the clinical consequences of variation in thyroid function within the reference range. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013; 98(9):3562–3571; doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1315
10.
JonklaasJ, RazviS. Reference intervals in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction: Treating patients not numbers. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2019; 7(6):473–483; doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30371-1
11.
XuY, DerakhshanA, HysajO, et al.Thyroid Studies Collaboration. The optimal healthy ranges of thyroid function defined by the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2023; 11(10):743–754; doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00227-9
12.
HadlowNC, RothackerKM, WardropR, et al.The relationship between TSH and free T4 in a large population is complex and nonlinear and differs by age and sex. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013; 98(7):2936–2943; doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-4223
13.
HoermannR, MidgleyJEM, GiacobinoA, et al.Homeostatic equilibria between free thyroid hormones and pituitary thyrotropin are modulated by various influences including age, body mass index and treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2014; 81(6):907–915; doi: 10.1111/cen.12527
14.
KuśA, SterenborgRBTM, HaugEB, et al.Towards personalized TSH reference ranges: A genetic and population-based approach in three independent cohorts. Thyroid, 2024; doi: 10.1089/thy.2024.0045