CaldwellK, PanY, MortensenME, MakhmudovA, MerrillL, MoyeJ. 2013. Iodine status in pregnant women in the United States: National Children's Study and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Thyroid, 23:927–937.
2.
World Health Organization. UNICEF, and International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders 2007 Assessment of the Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring Their Elimination. Third. WHO/NHD/01.1. World Health Organization: Geneva.
3.
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine 2006 Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
4.
BougmaK, AboudFE, HardingKB, MarquisGS. 2013. Iodine and mental development of children 5 years old and under: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 5:1384–1416.
5.
HynesKL, OtahalP, HayI, BurgessJR. 2013. Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the Gestational Iodine Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 98:1954–1962.
6.
BathSC, SteerCD, GoldingJ, EmmettPM, RaymanMR. 2013. Inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women adversely affects cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)Lancet, 382:331–337.
7.
PearceEN, PinoS, HeX, BazrafshanHR, LeeSL, BravermanLE. 2004. Sources of dietary iodine: bread, cows' milk, and infant formula in the Boston area. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89:3421–3424.
8.
KönigF, AnderssonM, HotzK, AeberliI, ZimmermannMB. 2011. Ten repeat collections for urinary iodine from spot samples or 24-hour samples are needed to reliably estimate individual iodine status in women. J Nutr, 141:2049–2054.
9.
LeungAM, LamarA, HeX, BravermanLE, PearceEN. 2011. Iodine status and thyroid function of Boston-area vegetarians and vegans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 96:E1303–E1307.
10.
Stagnaro-GreenA, AbalovichM, AlexanderE, AziziF, MestmanJ, NegroR, NixonA, PearceEN, SoldinOP, SullivanS, WiersingaW. American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum. 2011. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid, 21:1081–1125.
11.
De GrootL, AbalovichM, AlexanderEK, AminoN, BarbourL, CobinRH, EastmanCJ, LazarusJH, LutonD, MandelSJ, MestmanJ, RovetJ, SullivanS. 2012. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 97:2543–2565.
12.
ObicanSG, JahnkeGD, SoldinOP, ScialliAR. 2012. Teratology public affairs committee position paper: iodine deficiency in pregnancy. Birth Defects Res (Part A): Clin Mol Teratol, 94:677–682.
13.
LeungAM, PearceEN, BravermanLE. 2009. Iodine content of prenatal multivitamins in the United States. N Engl J Med, 360:939–940.
14.
GregoryCO, SerdulaMK, SullivanKM. 2009. Use of supplements with and without iodine in women of childbearing age in the United States. Thyroid, 19:1019–1020
15.
PearceEN, AnderssonM, ZimmermannMB. 2013. Global iodine nutrition: where do we stand in 2013?Thyroid, 23:523–528.
16.
AtwaterRM. the American Public Health Association. 1949. Am J Public Health Nations Health, 39:1178–1179.
17.
HessSY, ZimmermannMB, TorresaniT, BürgiH, HurrellRF. 2001. Monitoring the adequacy of salt iodization in Switzerland: a national study of school children and pregnant women. Eur J Clin Nutr, 55:162–166.
18.
ZimmermannMB, AeberliI, TorresaniT, BürgiH. 2005. Increasing the iodine concentration in the Swiss iodized salt program markedly improved iodine status in pregnant women and children: a 5-y prospective national study. Am J Clin Nutr, 82:388–392.
