Potassium Iodide Prophylaxis: What Have We Learned and Questions Raised by the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Hanscheid H , Reiners C , Goulko G , Luster M , Schneider-Ludorff M , Buck AK , Lassmann M . 2011. Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 96:3511–3516.

Zanzonico PB , Becker DV . 2000. Effects of time of administration and dietary iodine levels on potassium iodide (KI) blockade of thyroid irradiation by I-131 from radioactive fallout. Health Phys, 78:660–667.

Schneider AB , Smith JM . 2012. Prophylaxis against radiation exposure from radioiodine. Wartofsky L , Van Nostrand D . Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management. Humana Press: Totowa, NJin press.

U.S., Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation Branch 2001 Guidance. Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies. www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM080542.pdf. 2012 January 31.

World Health Organization 1999 Guidelines for Iodine Prohylaxis Following Radiation Accidents: Update 1999. www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf. 2012 January 31.

Becker DV , Braverman LE , Dunn JT , Gaitan E , Gorman CA , Maxon HR , Schneider AB , van Middlesworth L , Wolff J . 1984. The use of iodine as a thyroid blocking agent in the event of a reactor accident. Report of the Environmental Hazards Committee of the American Thyroid Association. JAMA, 252:659–661.

American Thyroid Association 2011 Letter to Dr., John P. Holdren. www.thyroid.org/professionals/advocacy/documents/2011_03_30_ATA_Kloos_Holdren.pdf. 2012 January 31.

Ohnishi T . 2012. The disaster at Japan's Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant after the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami, and the resulting spread of radioisotope contamination. Radiat Res, 177:1–14.

Dauer LT , Zanzonico P , Tuttle RM , Quinn DM , Strauss HW . 2011. The Japanese tsunami and resulting nuclear emergency at the Fukushima Daiichi power facility: technical, radiologic, and response perspectives. J Nucl Med, 52:1423–1432.

Homma T . 2011. Facts on Fukushima: Session 1., Radioactive Contamination of the Environment and Radiation Doses to the Public. www.ustream.tv/recorded/17196685. 2011 September 21.

Nuclear Energy Institute 2011 Special Report on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/documentlibrary/safetyandsecurity/reports/special-report-on-the-nuclear-accident-at-the-fukushima-daiichi-nuclear-power-station. 2012 January 31.

Sasakawa Y , Kiikuni K , Kikuchi S , Niwa O , Yamashita S , Heymann DL , Mettler FA Jr . 2011. Conclusions and recommendations of the International Expert Symposium in Fukushima: radiation and health risks. J Radiol Prot, 31:381–384.

The Mainchi Daily News 2011 Families Want Answers After 45 People Die Following Evacuation from Fukushima Hospital. http://mdn.mainichi.jp/features/archive/news/2011/04/20110426p2a00m0na006000c.html. 2012 January 10.

U.S., Food and Drug Administration 2011 Frequently Asked Questions on Potassium Iodide (KI). www.fda.gov/Drugs/EmergencyPreparedness/BioterrorismandDrugPreparedness/ucm072265.htm. 2012 January 31.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2011 Fact Sheet. Potassium Iodide (KI) www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/ki.asp. 2012 January 31.

Ron E , Lubin JH , Shore RE , Mabuchi K , Modan B , Pottern LM , Schneider AB , Tucker MA , Boice JD Jr . 1995. Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation: a pooled analysis of seven studies. Radiat Res, 141:259–277.