Sclerostin-Neutralizing Antibody Enhances Bone Regeneration Around Oral Implants

Abstract

Background:

Dental implants are an important option for replacement of missing teeth. A major clinical challenge is how best to accelerate bone regeneration and reduce the healing time for functional restoration after implant placement. A sclerostin-neutralizing antibody (Scl-Ab) has been shown to enhance alveolar bone formation and fracture repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic administration of Scl-Ab on dental implant osseointegration and bone regeneration in an experimental alveolar ridge tooth extraction model.

Materials and Methods:

To investigate the effects of Scl-Ab on bone regeneration and dental implant osseointegration, an experimental alveolar bone osteotomy rat model was adopted. One month after extraction of maxillary right first molars, osteotomy defects were created at the coronal aspect of each of the extraction sites, and 1 × 2-mm custom titanium implants were installed into the osteotomies. Coincident with implant placement, Scl-Ab was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 25 mg/kg twice weekly for 10–28 days and compared with a vehicle control. Animals were sacrificed 10, 14, and 28 days after surgery, and maxillae were harvested and analyzed by microcomputed tomography (microCT), histology, and histomorphometry.

Results:

microCT analysis demonstrated that the maxillary bone volume fraction was approximately 2- to 2.5-fold greater in Scl-Ab-treated animals compared with vehicle alone at days 14 and 28. Consistent with those findings, two-dimensional bone fill percentages within the coronal osteotomy sites were highest in Scl-Ab treatment groups at 28 days. In addition, bone-implant contact at 28 days was approximately twofold greater in the Scl-Ab group compared with the vehicle control.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that systemic Scl-Ab administration enhances osseointegration and bone regeneration around dental implants. This approach offers potential as a treatment modality for patients with low bone mass or bone defects to achieve more predictable bone regeneration at alveolar bone defects and to enhance dental implant osseointegration.