The objective of this study was to examine hard tissue formation of STRO-1–selected rat dental pulp-derived stem cells, seeded into a calcium phosphate ceramic scaffold, and implanted subcutaneously in mice. Previously, STRO-1 selection was used to obtain a mesenchymal stem cell progenitor subpopulation from primary dental pulp-derived stem cells. In the current study, these cells were cultured with three different media: “BMP-plus” medium containing dexamethasone and 100 ng/mL of rhBMP-2, “odontogenic” medium containing dexamethasone, and “control” medium without supplements. The cell–scaffold complexes were cultured in these media for 1, 4, or 8 days before implantation. Histological analysis demonstrated that the cultures with BMP-plus and 4 days of culture gave the highest percentage of hard tissue formation per implant (36 ± 9% of pore area). Real-time PCR confirmed these results. In conclusion, STRO-1–selected dental pulp stem cells show effective hard tissue formation in vivo, and a short in vitro culture period and addition of BMP-2 can enhance this effect.
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