Preparation of a Functionally Flexible,Three-Dimensional,Biomimetic Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Scaffold with Improved Cell Adhesion

Abstract

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is widely used in tissue-engineering applications because of its degradation characteristics and mechanical properties, but it possesses an inert nature, affecting cell–matrix interactions. It is desirable to modify the surface of PLLA to create biomimetic scaffolds that will enhance tissue regeneration. We prepared a functionally flexible, biomimetic scaffold by derivatizing the surface of PLLA foams into primary amines, activated pyridylthiols, or sulfhydryl groups, allowing a wide variety of modifications. Poly(L-lysine) (polyK) was physically entrapped uniformly throughout the scaffold surface and in a controllable fashion by soaking the foams in an acetone–water mixture and later in a polyK solution in dimethylsulfoxide. Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid–cysteine (RGDC) adhesion peptide was linked to the polyK via creating disulfide bonds introduced through the use of the linker N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridylthiol)-propionate. Presence of RGDC on the surface of PLLA 2-dimensional (2-D) disks and 3-D scaffolds increased cell surface area and the number of adherent mesenchymal stem cells. We have proposed a methodology for creating biomimetic scaffolds that is easy to execute, flexible, and nondestructive.