BoneRC, BalkRA, CerraFB, et al.Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest, 1992; 101(6):1644–1655; doi: 10.1378/chest.101.6.1644
2.
LevyMM, FinkMP, MarshallJC, et al;SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med, 2003; 31(4):1250–1256; doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B
3.
SeymourCW, LiuVX, IwashynaTJ, et al.Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA, 2016; 315(8):762–774; doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0288
4.
MarshallJC. Why have clinical trials in sepsis failed? Trends Mol Med, 2014; 20(4):195–203; doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.01.007
5.
VincentJL, van der PollT, MarshallJC. The end of “One Size Fits All” sepsis therapies: Toward an individualized approach. Biomedicines, 2022; 10(9):2260; doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10092260
6.
LiuS, YaoC, XieJ, et al;EXIT-SEP Investigators. Effect of an herbal-based injection on 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: The EXIT-SEP randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med, 2023; 183(7):647–655; doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0780
7.
HillAB, HatswellJM, TopleyWW. The inheritance of resistance, demonstrated by the development of a strain of mice resistant to experimental inoculation with a bacterial endotoxin. J Hyg (Lond), 1940; 40(5):538–547; doi: 10.1017/s0022172400028035
8.
MichieHR, ManogueKR, SpriggsDR, et al.Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration. N Engl J Med, 1988; 318(23):1481–1486; doi: 10.1056/NEJM198806093182301
9.
AshkenaziA, MarstersSA, CaponDJ, et al.Protection against endotoxic shock by a tumor necrosis factor receptor immunoadhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1991; 88(23):10535–10539; doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10535
10.
AngusDC, BirminghamMC, BalkRA, et al.E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in gram-negative sepsis: A randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators. JAMA, 2000; 283(13):1723–1730; doi: 10.1001/jama.283.13.1723
11.
AbrahamE, AnzuetoA, GutierrezG, et al.Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group. Lancet, 1998; 351(9107):929–933.
12.
HorbyP, LimWS, EmbersonJR, et al;RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med, 2021; 384(8):693–704; doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021436
13.
BrunoS, BattezzatiPM, BellatiG, et al.Long-term beneficial effects in sustained responders to interferon-alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol, 2001; 34(5):748–755; doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00062-9
14.
ShapiroNI, DouglasIS, BrowerRG, et al;National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury Clinical Trials Network. Early restrictive or liberal fluid management for sepsis-induced hypotension. N Engl J Med, 2023; 388(6):499–510; doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212663
15.
Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Study Group. Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis. N Engl J Med, 1987; 317(11):659–665; doi: 10.1056/NEJM198709103171102
16.
AlverdyJC. Rationale behind phosphate therapy to modulate the gut microbiome and protect against surgery-related infection. Microbiota Host, 2023; 1(1):e230011; doi: 10.1530/mah-23-0011
