There is considerable evidence that stem/progenitor cells reside in the vasculature during the prenatal and postnatal stages. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue is markedly rich in blood vessels, and it is a source of mesenchymal/stromal cells (MSCs). Therefore, we hypothesized that, in addition to MSCs, the SVF may contain other mesodermal precursors. However, the SVF has a high content of CD34+ cells with high proliferative capacity, which can prevent the growth of the most quiescent cells. By using an antifibroblast (FIB) antibody coupled to microbeads, we show that ∼90%–95% of the nonhematopoietic CD34+ cells were retained in the CD45−FIB+ fraction. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the CD45−FIB−CD34− cell fraction expressed higher mRNA levels of KDR and GATA2 than its complementary CD45−FIB−CD34+ cell fraction, which contained the SVF endothelial cells. Surprisingly, when CD45−FIB−CD34− cells were cultured in endothelial growth medium, they gave rise to endothelial colonies and mesenchymal colonies. Moreover, when CD45−FIB−CD34− cells were cultured in embryonic stem cell expansion medium, they gave rise to cells exhibiting the full range of phenotypes observed in the freshly isolated SVF, including CD34+ and CD31+ cells. Together, these results suggest that the CD45−FIB−CD34− cells within the SVF of human adipose tissue function as mesodermal precursors of mesenchymal and endothelial cells.
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