Fair Trade in Korea has been expanded based on three strategies—organization-based, certification-based, and community-based—each of which present similar developmental patterns across the globe. However, the Fair Trade Towns (FTT) movement in Korea has distinct characteristics compared with those found in Europe. This research illustrates the Korean FTT movement through the lens of social innovation. The discussion highlights that the action of critical stakeholders within a community-based strategy of the FTT movement promoted its proliferation by coupling social innovation and sustainable development. This, specifically, illustrates that collaborative governance of the FTT movement operates on three levels—global, national, and community—all of which have been critical to the favorable outcome of FTT in Korea.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlexanderA., & NichollsA. (2006). Rediscovering consumer-producer involvement: A network perspective on fair trade marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 40(11/12), 1236-1253.
2.
AndersonM. (2018) Fair trade and consumer social responsibility: Exploring consumer citizenship as a driver of social and environmental change. Management Decision, 56(3), 634-651.
CarsonL, & Hartz-KarpJ. (2005). Adapting and combining deliberative designs: Juries, polls, and forums. In J. Gastil (Ed.), The deliberative democracy handbook: Strategies for effective civic engagement in the twenty-first century (pp. 120-138). Jossey-Bass.
9.
Coopy Cooperative. (2016). Fair trade status and assignment in Seoul Metropolitan City [in Korean]. Unpublished policy report.
10.
Coopy Cooperative. (2017). Fair Trade City: Seoul policy research [in Korean]. Unpublished Policy Report.
11.
Coopy Cooperative. (2018). Fair Trade status and assignment in Seoul Metropolitan City [in Korean]. Unpublished Policy Report.
12.
Coopy Cooperative. (2020). Fair Trade City: Seoul 3.0 policy research [in Korean]. Unpublished Policy Report.
13.
DancauseL., & MorinR. (2013). Governance and the associative sector of the social economy: The partnership between the state and civil state in question. In M.J. Bouchard (Ed.), Innovation and the social economy: The Quebec experience (pp. 97-126). University of Toronto Press.
14.
DaviesI. A. (2009). Alliances and networks: Creating success in the UK fair trade market. Journal of Business Ethics, 86(1),109-126.
15.
DefournyJ., & DeveltereP. (2006). The social economy: The worldwide making of a third sector. In Defourney, J. (Ed.)., The worldwide making of the social economy: Innovations and changes (pp. 15-40). Acco.
16.
DefournyJ., HulgårdL., & PestoffV. (Eds.). (2014). Social enterprise and the third sector: Changing European landscapes in a comparative perspective. Routledge.
17.
DefournyJ., & NyssensM. (2006). Defining social enterprise. Social enterprise: At the crossroads of Market. Public Policies and Civil Society, 7, 3-27.
18.
DohertyB., DaviesI. A., & TranchellS. (2013). Where now for fair trade? Business History, 55(2), 161-189.
JangS., KimS., & ChoS. (2016). Fair trade value chain and mainstreaming: The case of fair trade in Korea [in Korean]. Journal of International Area Studies, 25(4), 97-131.
31.
JangS., KimS., & JeonJ., & JeongJ. (2021). How has fair trade developed in Korea? Cooperation and conflict among organization-based, certification-based, and community-based strategies [in Korean]. The Studies in Regional Development, 53(2), 199-234.
32.
JangW. (2006). Social economy: House of sharing [in Korean]. Nanumedujip.
33.
JooS.2010. Social economy: Theories, institutions and policies [in Korean]. Hanyang University Press.
34.
KimS. (2018). Practice process of cooperation among cooperatives: The case study of the Dure consumer co-operative [in Korean]. The Korean Journal of Cooperative Studies, 36(2), 93-113.
35.
KimS, & ShinH. (2021). From ethical consumption to Fair Trade Town movement [in Korean]. Coopdream.
PolanyiK. (1944). The great transformation. Beacon Press.
51.
RaynoldsL.T., & LongM. A. (2007). Fair/alternative trade: Historical and empirical dimensions. Routledge.
52.
SamuelA., & PeattieK. (2019). Fairtrade towns: A community-based social marketing perspective in promoting ethical consumption. Ethical Approaches to Marketing, 117.
53.
SamuelA., PeattieK., & DohertyB. (2018). Expanding the boundaries of brand communities: The case of Fairtrade Towns. European Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 758-782.
54.
SamuelA., PeattieK, &. HermanA. (2020). Fairtrade towns: Unpacking the dynamics of locally developed ethical retail geographies. Geoforum, 117, 114-123.
55.
SongW. (2016). Innovation research and social innovation theory [in Korean]. Trends and Issues, 27(1), 1-29.
56.
TEPSIE. (2014). Social innovation theory and research: A guide for researchers. A Deliverable of the Project: The Theoretical, Empirical and Policy Foundations for Building Social Innovation in Europe (TEPSIE). European Commission–7th Framework Programme, p. 46.
