This study aims to investigate the association between sleep duration and osteoporosis. In addition, sleep-related gene methylation was also detected in this study and we explored its relationship with osteoporosis. The epidemiological investigation section of this study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study. We gathered 148 postmenopausal women from two communities and used questionnaires to collect data of sleep duration and other sleep patterns. Biochemical variables were tested, and bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, sleep-related gene (PER2 and PER3) methylation was tested, and the association with osteoporosis was further studied. Twenty-nine of the 148 participants (aged from 65 to 86 years) who suffered from osteoporosis were tested for osteopenia. A significant difference was observed in the association between sleep duration and osteoporosis; the p-value was 0.013. In addition, in our study, we found that short sleep duration (<7 hours) may increase the risk of osteoporosis compared with longer sleep duration. Moreover, sleep-related genes such as PER2 and PER3 and their CpG island methylation were tested, and there was no significant difference between PER2 and PER3 CpG island methylation and osteoporosis. Short sleep duration may increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, the association between sleep-related gene methylation and osteoporosis was not found.
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