Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of laser irradiation on flexural strength, elastic modulus, and surface roughness and morphology of glass fiber posts (GFPs). Background data: Laser treatment of GFPs has been introduced to improve its adhesion properties. Materials and methods: A total of 40 GFPs were divided into 4 groups according to the irradiation protocol: GC–no irradiation, GYAG–irradiation with erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet [Er:YAG], GCR–irradiation with erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG), and GDI–irradiation with diode laser. The GFP roughness and morphology were evaluated through laser confocal microscopy before and after surface treatment. Three-point bending flexural test measured flexural strength and elastic modulus. Data about elastic modulus and flexural strength were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). The effect of roughness was evaluated using the linear mixed effects model and Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). Results: Laser treatment changed surface roughness in the groups GCR (p = 0.000) and GDI (p = 0.007). The mean flexural strength in GYAG (995.22 MPa) was similar to that in GC (980.48 MPa) (p = 1.000) but different from that in GCR (746.83 MPa) and that in GDI (691.34 MPa) (p = 0.000). No difference was found between the groups GCR and GDI (p = 0.86). For elastic modulus: GYAG (24.47 GPa) was similar to GC (25.92 GPa) (p = 1.000) but different from GCR (19.88 GPa) (p = 0.002) and GDI (17.20 GPa) (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The different types of lasers, especially Er,Cr:YSGG and 980 ηm diode, influenced the mechanical properties of GFPs.
Santos-FilhoPC, VeríssimoC, RaposoLH, NoritomiPY, Marcondes-MartinsLR. Influence of ferrule, post system, and length on stress distribution of weakened root-filled teeth. J Endod, 2014; 40:1874–1878.
3.
LazariPC, De OliveiraRCN, AnchietaRB, et al.Stress distribution on dentin-cement-post interface varying root canal and glass fiber post diameters. A three-dimensional finite element analysis based on micro-CT data. J Appl Oral Sci, 2013; 21:611–617.
4.
VichiA, FerrariM, DavidsonCL. Influence of ceramic and cement thickness on the masking of various types of opaque posts. J Prosthet Dent, 2000; 83:412–417.
TayFR, PashleyDH. Monoblocks in root canals: a hypothetical or a tangible goal. J Endod, 2007; 33:391–398.
7.
ChoiY, PaeA, ParkEJ, WrightRF. The effect of surface treatment of fiber-reinforced posts on adhesion of a resin-based luting agent. J Prosthet Dent, 2010; 103:362–368.
8.
ArslanH, BarutcigilC, YilmazCB, CeyhanliKT, TopcuogluHS. Push-out bond strength between composite core buildup and fiber-reinforced posts after different surface treatments. Photomed Laser Surg, 2013; 31:328–333.
9.
PereiraJR, da RosaRA, do ValleAL, GhizoniJS, SóMV, ShiratoriFK. The influence of different cements on the pull-out bond strength of fiber posts. J Prosthet Dent, 2014; 112:59–63.
10.
SipahiC, PiskinB, AkinGE, BektasOO, AkinH. Adhesion between glass fiber posts and resin cement: evaluation of bond strength after various pre-treatments. Acta Odontol Scand, 2014; 72:509–515.
11.
ValandroLF, YoshigaS, De MeloRM, et al.Microtensile bond strength between a quartz fiber post and a resin cement: effect of post surface conditioning. J Adhes Dent, 2006; 8:105–111.
12.
BragaNMA, Souza-GabrielAE, MessiasDCF, et al.Flexural properties, morphology and bond strength of fiber-reinforced posts: influence of post pretreatment. Braz Dent J, 2012; 23:679–685.
13.
SamimiP, MortazaviV, SalamatF. Effects of heat treating silane and different etching techniques on glass fiber post push-out bond strength. Oper Dent, 2014; 39:E217–E224.
14.
de Sousa MenezesM, QueirozEC, SoaresPV, Faria-e-SilvaAL, SoaresCJ, MartinsLR. Fiber post etching with hydrogen peroxide: effect of concentration and application time. J Endod, 2011; 37:398–402.
15.
HaragushikuGA, BackED, TomazinhoPH, Baratto FilhoF, FuruseAY. Influence of antimicrobial solutions in the decontamination and adhesion of glass-fiber posts to root canals. J Appl Oral Sci, 2015; 23:436–441.
16.
DelmeKI, DemanPJ, De MoorRJ. Microleakage of class V resin composite restorations after conventional and Er:YAG laser preparation. J Oral Rehabil, 2005; 32:676–685.
17.
ChinelattiMA, RamosRP, ChimelloDT, CoronaSA, PecoraJD, DibbRG. Influence of Er:YAG laser on cavity preparation and surface treatment in microleakage of composite resin restorations. Photomed Laser Surg, 2006; 24:214–218.
18.
DederichDN, ZakariasenKL, TulipJ. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of canal wall dentin following neodymi- um-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser irradiation. J Endod, 1984; 10:428–431.
19.
TakedaFH, HarashimaT, KimuraY, MatsumotoK. A comparative study of the removal of smear layer by three endodontic irrigants and two types of laser. Int Endod J, 1999; 32:32–39.
20.
NagaseDY, De FreitasPM, MorimotoS, OdaM, VieiraGF. Influence of laser irradiation on fiber post retention. Lasers Med Sci, 2011; 26:377–380.
21.
OzkocakI, SonatB. Evaluation of effects on the adhesion of various root canal sealers after Er:YAG laser and irrigants are used on the dentin surface. J Endod, 2015; 41:1331–1336.
22.
ArslanH, YilmazCB, KaratasE, BarutcigilC, TopcuogluHS, YeterKY. Efficacy of diferente treatments of root canal walls on the pull-out bond strength of the fiber posts. Lasers Med Sci, 2015; 30:863–868.
23.
MohammadiN, Savadi OskoeeS, Abed KahnamouiM, BahariM, KimyaiS, RikhtegaranS. Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG pretreatment on bond strength of fiber posts to root canal dentin using a self-adhesive resin cement. Lasers Med Sci, 2013; 28:65–69.
24.
Kurtulmus-YilmazS, CengizE, OzanO, RamogluS, YilmazHG. The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser application on the micropush-out bond strength of fiber posts to resin core material. Photomed Laser Surg, 2014; 32:574–581.
25.
KrižnarI, JevnikarP, FidlerA. Effect of Er:YAG laser pretreatment on bond strength of a composite core build-up material to fiber posts. Lasers Med Sci, 2015; 30:733–740.
26.
CapaN, AykorA, OzelE, CalikkocaogluS, SoymanM. Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiations on shear bond strength of three self-adhesive resin cements to dentin. Photomed Laser Surg, 2010; 28:809–821.
27.
ChoSD, RajitrangsonP, MatisBA, PlattJÁ. Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, air abrasion, and silane application on repaired shear bond strength of composites. Oper Dent, 2013; 38:1–9.
28.
GarbuiBU, De AzevedoCS, ZezellDM, AranhaAC, MatosAB. Er,Cr:YSGG laser dentine conditioning improves adhesion of a glass ionomer cement. Photomed Laser Surg, 2013; 31:453–460.
29.
KursogluP, MotroPF, YurdaguvenH. Shear bond strength of resin cement to an acid etched and a laser irradiated ceramic surface. J Adv Prosthodont, 2013; 5:98–103.
30.
RamosTM, Ramos-OliveiraTM, MorettoSG, De FreitasPM, Esteves-OliveiraM, De Paula EduardoC. Microtensile bond strength analysis of adhesive systems to Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-treated dentin. Lasers Med Sci, 2014; 29:565–573.
31.
AlfredoE, SilvaSR, OzórioJE, Sousa-NetoMD, Brugnera- JúniorA, Silva-SousaYT. Bond strength of AH Plus and Epiphany sealers on root dentine irradiated with 980 nm diode laser. Int Endod J, 2008; 41:733–740.
32.
MoraesAP, Sarkis-OnofreR, MoraesRR, CenciMS, SoaresCJ, Pereira-CenciT. Can silanization increase the retention of glass-fiber posts? A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Oper Dent, 2015; 40:567–580.
33.
ElnaghyAM, ElsakaSE. Effect of surface treatments on the flexural properties and adhesion of glass fiber-reinforced composite post to self-adhesive luting agent and radicular dentin. Odontology, 2016; 104:60–67.
34.
ColucciV, Do AmaralFL, PécoraJD, Palma-DibbRG, CoronaAS. Water flow on erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser irradiation: effects on dental tissues. Lasers Med Sci, 2009; 24:811–818.
35.
UsumezA, InanO, AykentF. Bond strength of a silicone lining material to alumina-abraded and lased denture resin. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2004; 71:196–200.
36.
HibstR, KellerU. Removal of dental filling materials by Er:YAG laser radiation. Proc SPIE, 1991; 1424:120–126.
37.
FriedD, ZuerleinM, FeatherstoneJBD, SekaW, DuhnC, MccormakSM. IR laser ablation of dental enamel: mechanistic dependence on the primary absorber. Appl Surf Sci, 1998; 127–129:852–856.
38.
Van AsG. Erbium lasers in dentistry. Dent Clin North Am, 2004; 48:1017–1059.
39.
ColuzziDJ. Fundamentals of dental lasers: science and instruments. Dent Clin North Am, 2004; 48:751–770.
40.
MeisterJ, FranzenR, FornerK, et al.Influence of the water content in dental enamel and dentin on ablation with erbium YAG and erbium YSGG lasers. J Biomed Opt, 2006; 11:34030.
41.
SoaresCJ, SantanaFR, PereiraJC, AraujoTS, MenezesMS. Influence of airborne-particle abrasion on mechanical properties and bond strength of carbon/epoxy and glass/bis-gma fiber-reinforced resin post. J Prosthetic Dent, 2008; 99:444–454.
42.
SchlichtingLH, De AndradaMA, VieiraLC, De Oliveira-BarraGM, MagneP. Composite resin reinforced with pre-tensioned glass fibers. Influence of prestressing on flexural properties. Dent Mater, 2010; 26:118–125.
43.
ReinhardtRA, KrejciRF, PaoYC, StannardJG. Dentin stresses in post-reconstructed teeth with diminishing bone support. J Dent Res, 1983; 62:1002–1008.
