Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2014-10
Evaluation of the Effects of Er:YAG Laser and Desensitizing Paste Containing 8% Arginine and Calcium Carbonate,and Their Combinations on Human Dentine Tubules: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of Er:YAG laser and an in-office desensitizing paste alone or in combination by using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Background data: Various treatment modalities have been proposed for dentin hypersensitivity, but to date, no single agent or form of treatment has been found effective. Material and methods: Forty dentine specimens obtained from freshly extracted impacted third molars were included and divided into four groups. Group I served as the control, whereas Group II, Group III, and Group IV recieved Er:YAG laser (30 Hz, 60 mJ/pulse, 10 sec), a desensitizing paste (DP) containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate, and DP+Er:YAG laser in combination, respectively, evaluated under SEM. Results: SEM analysis presented occlusion and narrowing of dentinal tubules in all treatment groups, but more prominent occlusion was observed in the combined treatment group. Intergroup comparisons regarding the tubule diameters and the number of the open dentinal tubules per 100 μm2 revealed statistically significant difference in favor of combined group (p<0.05). The difference between single effects of Er:YAG and DP in all parameters were found statistically nonsignificant. Conclusions: The present study has shown that all treatment procedures are effective in dentinal tubule occlusion. However, more prominent occlusion is observed in the combined treatment group.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
HollandG.R., NarhiM.N., AddyM., GangarosaL., and OrchardsonR. (1997). Guidelines for the design and con- duct of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity. J. Clin. Periodontol., 24, 808–813.
2.
MarkowitzK., and PashleyD.H. (2008). Discovering new treatments for sensitive teeth: the long path from biology to therapy. J. Oral. Rehabil., 35, 300–315.
3.
AddyM. (1990). Etiology and clinical implications of dentine hypersensitivity. Dent. Clin. North Am., 34, 503–514.
4.
DemiM., DelméK., and MoorR. (2009). Hypersensitive teeth: conventional vs laser treatment part I: conventional treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. J. Oral. Laser Appl., 9, 7–20.
5.
BrannströmM., LindenL., and ÅstromA. (1967). The hydrodynamics of the dental tubule and of pulp fluid. Caries Res., 1, 310–317.
6.
MjorI.A. (1967). Histologic studies of human coronal dentine following the insertion of various materials in experimentally prepared cavities. Arch. Oral. Biol., 12, 441–452.
7.
Dondi dall'OrologioG., LoneA., and FingerW.J. (2002). Clinical evaluation of the role of glutardialdehyde in a one- bottle adhesive. Am. J. Dent., 15, 330–334.
8.
SingalP., GuptaR., and PanditN. (2005). 2% sodium fluoride-iontophoresis compared to a commercially available desensitizing agent. J. Periodontol., 76, 351–357.
9.
TrowbridgeH.O., EdwallL., and PanopoulosP. (1982). Effect of zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium hydroxide on intradental nevre activity. J. Endod., 8, 403–406.
10.
PillonF.L., RomaniI.G., and SchmidtE.R. (2004). Effect of a 3% potassium oxalate topical application on dentinal hypersensitivity after subgingival scaling and root planing. J. Periodontol., 75, 1461–1464.
11.
GrossmanL.I. (1935). A systematic method for the treatment of hypersensitivity dentin. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 22, 592–602.
12.
LanW.H., and LiuH.C. (1995). Sealing of human dentinal tubules by Nd:YAG laser. J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg., 13, 329–333.
13.
MoritzA., GutknechtN., SchoopU., WernischJ., LampertF., and SperrW. (1995). Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on treatment of hypersensitive dental necks: results of an in vitro study. J. Clin. Laser. Med. Surg., 13, 397–400.
14.
DilsizA., AydnT., and EmremG. (2010). Effects of the combined desensitizing dentifrice and diode laser therapy in the treatment of desensitization of teeth with gingival recession. Photomed. Laser Surg., 28, 69–74.
15.
YilmazH.G., CengizE., Kurtulmus–YilmazS., and Le- blebiciogluB. (2011). Effectiveness of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on dentine hypersensitivity: a controlled clinical trial. J. Clin. Periodontol., 38, 341–346.
16.
SchwarzF., ArweilerN., GeorgT., and ReichE. (2002). Desensitizing effects of an Er:YAG laser on hypersensitive dentine. J Clin Periodontol, 29, 211–215.
17.
CumminsD. (2009). Dentin hypersensitivity: from diagnosis to breakthrough therapy for everyday sensitivity relief. J. Clin. Dent., 20, 1–9.
18.
PetrouI., HeuR., StranickM., LavenderS., ZaidelL., CumminsD., SullivanR.J., HsuehC., and GimzewskiJ.K. (2009). A breakthrough therapy for dentin hypersensitivity: how dental products containing 8% arginine an calcium carbonate work to deliver effective relief of sensitive teeth. J. Clin. Dent., 20, 23–31.
19.
KumarN.G., and MehtaD.S. (2005). Short-term assessment of the Nd:YAG laser with and without sodium fluoride varnish in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity—a clinical and scanning electron microscopy study. J. Periodontol., 76, 1140–1147.
20.
ÇakarG., IpciS.D., AksoyM., KuruB.E., OkarI., and YılmazS. (2008). Effect of Er:YAG and CO2 lasers with and without sodium fluoride gel on dentinal tubules: a scanning electron microscope examination. Photomed. Laser Surg., 26, 565–571.
21.
IpciS.D., CakarG., KuruB., and YilmazS. (2009). Clinical evaluation of lasers and sodium fluoride gel in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Photomed. Laser Surg., 27, 85–91.
22.
AbsiE.G., AddyM., and AdamsD. (1987). Dentine hypersensitivity: a study of the patency of dentinal tubules in sensitive and non-sensitive cervical dentine. J. Clin. Periodontol., 14, 280–284.
23.
PashleyD.H., LivingstonM.J., and GreenhillJ.D. (1978). Regional resistances to fluid flow in human dentine in vitro. Arch. Oral. Biol., 23, 807–810.
24.
AbsiE.G., AddyM., and AdamsD. (1989). Dentine hypersensitivity: the development and evaluation of a replica technique to study sensitive and nonsensitive cervical dentine. J. Clin. Periodontol., 16, 190–195.
25.
GarberoglioR., and BrannstromM. (1976). Scanning electron microscopic investigation of human dentinal tubules. Arch. Oral Biol., 21, 355–362.
26.
SchilkeR., LissonJ.A., BauO., and GeurtsenW. (2000). Comparison of the number and diameter of dentinal tubules in human and bovine dentine by scanning electron microscopic investigation. Arch. Oral. Biol., 45, 355–361.
27.
OrchardsonR., and CollinsW. (1987). Clinical features of hypersensitive teeth. Br. Dent. J., 162, 253–256.
28.
Mc AndrewR., and KourkoutaS. (1995). Effects of toothbrushing prior and/or subsequent to dietary acid application on smear layer formation and the patency of dentinal tubules: an SEM Study. J. Periodontol., 66, 443–448.
29.
GursoyH., CakarG., IpciS.D., KuruB., and YilmazS. (2012). In vitro evaluation of the effects of different treatment procedures on dentine tubules. Photomed. Laser Surg., 30, 695–698.
30.
AokiA., IshikawaI., YamadalT., OtsukilM., WatanabeH., TagamilJ., et al. (1998). Comparison between Er:YAG laser and conventional technique for root caries treatment in vitro. J. Dent. Res., 77, 1404–1414.
31.
KleinbergI. (2002). Sensistat. A new saliva based composition for simple and effective treatment of dentinal sensitivity pain. Dent. Today, 21, 42–47.
32.
SchiffT., DelgadoE., ZhangY.P., CumminsD., DeVizioW., and MateoL.R. (2009). Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of an office desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate in providing instant and lasting relief of dentin hypersensitivity. Am. J. Dent, 22, 8A–15A.
33.
HamlinD., WilliamsK.P., DelgadoE., ZhangY.P., DevizioW., and MateoL.R. (2009). Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of a desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate for the in-office relief of dentin hypersensitivity associated with dental prophylaxis. Am. J. Dent., 22, 16A–20A.
