Cytokine mRNA Expression Is Decreased in the Subplantar Muscle of Rat Paw Subjected to Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation after Low-Level Laser Therapy

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy, applied at different wavelengths (660 and 684 nm), on cytokine mRNA expression after carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rat paw. Background Data: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been observed to reduce pain in inflammatory disorders. However, little is known about the mechanisms behind this effect or whether it is wavelength-specific. Materials and Methods: The test sample consisted of 32 rats divided into four groups: A₁ (control-saline), A₂ (carrageenan-only), A₃ (carrageenan + 660 nm laser therapy), and A₄ (carrageenan + 684 nm laser therapy). The animals from groups A₃ and A₄ were irradiated 1 h after induction of inflammation by carrageenan injection. Continuous-wave red lasers with wavelengths of 660 and 684 nm and dose of 7.5 J/cm² were used. Results: Both the 660 nm and 684 nm laser groups had 30%–40% lower mRNA expression for cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the paw muscle tissue than the carrageenan-only control group. Cytokine measurements were made 3 h after laser irradiation of the paw muscle, and all cytokine differences between the carrageenan-only control group and the LLLT groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: LLLT at the 660-nm and 684-nm wavelengths administered to inflamed rat paw tissue at a dose of 7.5 J/cm² reduce cytokine mRNA expression levels within 3 h in the laser-irradiated tissue.