Most studies on the effects of environmental factors on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in children have been carried out under indoor conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the occurrence of EIB in cold and warm seasons in school children under natural exposure to climatic conditions at school.
Methods:
A total of 213 nonasthmatic schoolchildren, aged 15 17 years, were studied. Collection of spirometry data was performed in winter and summer during two years before and immediately after administration of the YO-YO intermittent test. The diagnosis of EIB was defined as a first-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) decrease from a baseline of 10% or more with exercise. Daily air temperature and humidity data were recorded during the same periods.
Results:
The occurrence of EIB differed according to the season (In 2015, 51.2% in winter and 19.7% in summer, P < 0.001. In 2016, 36.8% in winter and 14.6% in summer, P < 0.001). In school children who participated in both years, 39.58% (57 of 144) had EIB in at least one winter. In 2015, 19% of participants reported exercise-induced symptoms in the winter season but only 1.4% reported symptoms in summer. In 2016, there were no reported respiratory symptoms. EIB is significantly correlated with air temperature and humidity (In 2015: r = −0.640 and r = −0.694, respectively; P < 0.01; In 2016: r = −0.461, P < 0.01 and r = −0.667, P < 0.01).
Conclusion:
Our study shows that seasonal variability affects the occurrence of EIB in healthy school children. The occurrence of EIB is associated with environmental temperatures and humidity.
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