Abstract
ABSTRACT
Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions represent a potentially life-threatening complex of symptoms that result from the sudden release of mast cell and basophil-derived mediators into the circulatory system. The true incidence of anaphylaxis is probably underestimated. Virtually any agent capable of activating mast cells or basophils has the potential to precipitate an anaphylactic event. However, foods and medications appear to cause most episodes. The following discussion provides an overview of anaphylaxis, with special attention to children and adolescents in terms of clinical presentation, treatment, and prevention of future episodes. Epinephrine and oxygen are the most important therapeutic agents used in the treatment of anaphylaxis. After management of the acute reaction, an accurate diagnosis of the causative agent facilitates prevention of future episodes through individual and family education. Individuals and their family members must also learn to recognize and treat anaphylaxis if prevention fails.
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