Latex Allergy in Children with No Known Risk Factors for Sensitization

Abstract

An increased risk of latex allergy is recognized in children with spina bifida undergoing multiple surgical procedures and in those with urogenital defects requiring frequent catheterization. In the past year, eight children (median age 2, range 1-6 years of age) with a history of latex allergy have been identified in the pediatric allergy clinic at St. Mary's Hospital. None of the children had any of the previous identified risk factors but all had a family history of atopy and a history of severe breakdown of the skin. Long-term cutaneous exposure to latex through inflamed skin preceded the development of clinical allergy in all children. We propose that children from an atopic background with eczema or other inflammatory conditions are at increased risk of latex allergy after prolonged exposure to latex. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the importance of cutaneous exposure. Recognition of cutaneous sensitization would allow intervention strategies to prevent the development of sensitization.