Systolic Blood Pressure <110 mm Hg as a Threshold of Hypotension in Patients with Isolated Traumatic Brain Injuries

Abstract

Hypotension is a known risk factor for poor neurologic outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current guidelines suggest that higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) thresholds likely confer a mortality benefit. However, there is no consensus on the ideal perfusion pressure among different age groups (i.e., recommended SBP ≥100 mm Hg for patients age 50–69 years; ≥ 110 mm Hg for all other adults). We hypothesize that admission SBP ≥110 mm Hg will be associated with improved outcomes regardless of age group. A retrospective database review of the 2010–2016 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was performed for adults (≥ 18 years) with isolated moderate-to-severe TBIs (head Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] ≥3; all other AIS <3). Sub-analyses were performed after dividing patients by SBP and age; comparison groups were matched with propensity score matching. Primary outcomes were early (6 h, 12 h, and 1 day) and overall in-hospital mortality. Overall, 154,725 patients met the inclusion criteria (mean age 62.8 ± 19.8 years, 89,431 [57.8%] males, Injury Severity Score13.9 ± 6.8). Multi-variate logistic regression showed that the risk of in-hospital mortality decreased with increasing SBP, plateauing at 110 mm Hg. Among patients of all ages, SBP ≥110 mm Hg was associated with improved mortality (SBP 110–129 vs. 90–109 mm Hg: 12 h 0.4% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.001; 1 day 0.8% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.004; overall 3.2% vs. 4.9%, p < 0.001). Among patients age 50–69 years, SBP ≥110 mm Hg was associated with improved mortality (SBP 110–119 vs. 100–109 mm Hg: 12 h 0.3% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.018; 1 day 0.5% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.007; overall 2.7% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.015). In conclusion, SBP ≥110 mm Hg is associated with lower in-hospital mortality in adult patients with isolated TBIs, including patients age 50–69 years. SBP <110 mm Hg should be used to define hypotension in adult patients of all ages.