On the Limitations of Progesterone Treatment in Very Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: What Can Be Learned from Allitt et al.,“Progesterone Exacerbates Short-Term Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury”
Restricted accessLetterFirst published online April, 2017
On the Limitations of Progesterone Treatment in Very Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: What Can Be Learned from Allitt et al.,“Progesterone Exacerbates Short-Term Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury”
AllittB.J., JohnstoneV.P., RichardsK., YanE.B., and RajanR. (2016). Progesterone exacerbates short-term effects of traumatic brain injury on supragranular responses in sensory cortex and over-excites infragranular responses in the long term. J. Neurotrauma, 33, 375–389.
2.
MarmarouA., FodaM.A., van den BrinkW., CampbellJ., KitaH., and DemetriadouK. (1994). A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part I: Pathophysiology and biomechanics. J. Neurosurg., 80, 291–300.
3.
CernakI. (2005). Animal models of head trauma. NeuroRx, 2, 410–422.
4.
BaliN., ArimotoJ.M., IwataN., LinS.W., ZhaoL., BrintonR.D., MorganT.E., and FinchC.E. (2012). Differential responses of progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (Pgrmc1) and the classical progesterone receptor (Pgr) to 17beta-estradiol and progesterone in hippocampal subregions that support synaptic remodeling and neurogenesis. Endocrinology, 153, 759–769.
5.
ZhaoL., MorganT.E., MaoZ., LinS., CadenasE., FinchC.E., PikeC.J., MackW.J., and BrintonR.D. (2012). Continuous versus cyclic progesterone exposure differentially regulates hippocampal gene expression and functional profiles. PLoS One, 7, e31267.
6.
Perez-AlvarezM.J., MateosL., AlonsoA., and WandosellF. (2015) Estradiol and progesterone administration after pMCAO stimulates the neurological recovery and reduces the detrimental effect of ischemia mainly in hippocampus. Mol. Neurobiol., 52, 1690–1703.
7.
CarreiraB.P., SantosD.F., SantosA.I., CarvalhoC.M., and AraujoI.M. (2015). Nitric oxide regulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus following seizures. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2015, 451512.
8.
YuT.S., WashingtonP.M., and KernieS.G. (2016). Injury-induced neurogenesis: mechanisms and relevance. Neuroscientist, 22, 61–71.
9.
ShearD.A., GalaniR., HoffmanS.W., and SteinD.G. (2002). Progesterone protects against necrotic damage and behavioral abnormalities caused by traumatic brain injury. Exp. Neurol., 178, 59–67.
10.
GrossmanK.J., and SteinD.G. (2000) Does endogenous progesterone promote recovery of chronic sensorimotor deficits following contusion to the forelimb representation of the sensorimotor cortex?. Behav. Brain Res., 116, 141–148.
11.
SchumacherM., DenierC., OudinetJ.P., AdamsD., and GuennounR. (2016). Progesterone neuroprotection: The background of clinical trial failure. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 160, 53–66.
12.
SteinD.G. (2016). Lost in translation: understanding the failure of the progesterone/TBI Phase III trials. Future Neurol. [E-pub ahead of print 2016 January 11].
