Exploring the Association of a Total Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

Abstract

Background:

Physical activity (PA) guidelines for adults recommend participation in aerobic activities of moderate-to-vigorous intensity and a minimum of two sessions of resistance training (RT) weekly. These guidelines account for a small amount of the total PA energy expenditure and include no recommendation for low intensity activities (sleeping, sedentary behavior, and light intensity PA). Consequently, there is a need to investigate the benefits of total PA energy expenditure and diabetes mellitus (DM); to investigate the association between total PA energy expenditure and DM in adults aged 45 years or above.

Methods:

Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS; n = 5591) were used for the cross-sectional analysis. DM was measured using hemoglobin glycated (A_1c) and questionnaires in adults aged 45 and above. PA and sedentary behavior were estimated using accelerometry. Sleep and RT were self-reported. Total PA energy expenditure was computed using the sum of metabolic equivalent of task-min/week.

Results:

The mean age of the sample was 58.0 ± 0.2 years old. No associations were observed between total PA energy expenditure and self-reported T2DM in all models (P > 0.05). For objectively measured DM, this association was significant when adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking [OR: 0.45; 95% CI (0.25–0.80)]; however, the association was no longer significant once adjusted for waist circumference and further adjusted for meeting the International PA Guidelines [OR: 0.64; 95% CI (0.33–1.27)] (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Total PA energy expenditure performed weekly is not associated with DM when considering other known risk factors, including waist circumference and meeting the PA guidelines.