The aim of this study was to examine the effect of yoga practice on clinical and psychological outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods:
In a 40-day yoga camp at the Institute of Yoga and Consciousness, ambulatory subjects with T2DM not having significant complications (n = 35) participated in a 40-day yoga camp, where yogic practices were overseen by trained yoga teachers. Clinical, biochemical, and psychological well-being were studied at baseline and at the end of the camp
Results:
At the end of the study, there was a reduction of body mass index (BMI) (26.514 ± 3.355 to 25.771 ± 3.40; P < 0.001) and anxiety (6.20 ± 3.72 to 4.29 ± 4.46; P < 0.05) and an improvement in total general well-being (48.6 ± 11.13 to 52.66 ± 52.66 ± 12.87; P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Participation of subjects with T2DM in yoga practice for 40 days resulted in reduced BMI, improved well-being, and reduced anxiety.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
SadikotSM, NigamA, DasS, et al. The burden of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India using the WHO 1999 criteria: Prevalence of diabetes in India study (PODIS). Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2004; 55:301–307.
2.
SridharGR, RaoPV. Prevalence of diabetes among rural Indians. In DasS (ed). Medicine Update 2003, vol 13. . Mumbai, India, : . Association of Physicians of India 2003; 370–373.
3.
KingH, AubertHE, HermanWH. Global burden of diabetes 1995–2005; prevalence, numerical estimates and projection. Diabetes Care, 1998; 21:1414–1431.
4.
SridharGR, MadhuK. Stress in the cause and course of diabetes. Intl J Diab Dev Countries, 2001; 21:112–120.
5.
SridharGR, MadhuK, VeenaS, RadhaMadhavi, SangeethaBS, AshaRani. Living with diabetes: Indian experience. Diab Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev, 2007; 1:181–187.
6.
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med, 2002; 346:393–403.
7.
RamachandranA, SnehalathaC, MaryS, MukeshB, BhaskarAD, VijayV, Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP). The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle-modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). Diabetologia, 2006; 49:289–297.
8.
CohenL, WarnekeC, FouladiRT, RodriguezMA, Chaoul-ReichA. Psychological adjustment and sleep quality in a randomized trial of the effects of a Tibetan yoga intervention in patients with lymphoma. Cancer, 2004; 100:2253–2260.
9.
ManjunathaS, VempatiRP, GhoshD, BijlaniRL. An investigation into the acute and long-term effects of selected yogic postures on fasting and postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy oung subjects. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 2005; 49:319–324.
10.
MalhotraV, SinghS, TandonOP, SharmaSB. The benefical effect of yoga in diabetes. Nepal Med Coll J, 2005; 7:145–147.
11.
BradleyC. The well-being questionnaire. In: BradleyC (ed). Handbook of Psychology and Diabetes. Switzerland: Hardwood Acad Pub. 1994; 89–109.
MichalsenA, GrossmanP, AcilAet al. Rapid stress reduction and anxiolysis among distressed women as a consequence of a three-month intensive yoga program. Med Sci Monit, 2005; 11:CR555–CR561.
14.
KrishnamurthyMN, TellesS. Assessing depression following two ancient Indian interventions: Effects of yoga and ayurveda on older adults I a residential home. J Gerontol Nurs, 2007; 33:17–23.
15.
MalathiA, DamodaranA, ShahN, PatilN, MarthaS. Effect of yogic practices on subjective well being. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 2000; 44:202–206.
16.
OkenBS, ZajdelD, KishiyamaSet al. Randomized, controlled, six-month trial of yoga in healthy seniors: effects on cognition and quality of life. Altern Ther Health Med, 2006; 12:40–47.
17.
Wood., Mood change and perceptions of vitality: A comparison of the effects of relaxation, visualization and yoga. J R Soc Med, 1993; 86:254–258.
18.
MalhotraV, SinghS, SinghKPet al. Study of yoga asanas in assessment of pulmonary function in NIDDM patients. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 2002; 46:313–320.
19.
MalhotraV, SinghS, TandonOP, MadhuSV, PrasadA, SharmaSB. Effect of yoga asanas on nerve conduction in type 2 diabetes. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol , 2002; 46:298–306.
20.
JainSC, UppalA, BhatnagarSO, TalukdarB. A study of response pattern of non-insulin dependent diabetics to yoga therapy. Diab Res Clin Pract, 1993; 19:69–74.
21.
SahayBK. Role of yoga in diabetes. J Assoc Physicians India, 2007; 55:121–126.
22.
PlotnikoffRC, BrezS, BrunetS. Are exercise social-cognitive factors and behaviours different for adults with diabetes? A randomized community sample. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 2003; 8:465–471.
23.
MadhuK, SridharGR. Model for coping with diabetes. Intl J Diab Dev Countries, 2001; 21:103–111.
24.
SridharGR, MadhuK. Psychosocial and cultural issues in diabetes mellitus. Current Sci, 2002; 958:1556–1564.
25.
SridharGR. Containing the diabetes epidemic. Natl Med J India, 2003; 16:57–60.
26.
GranathJ, IngvarssonS, vonThiele U, LundbergU. Stress management: A randomized study of cognitive behavioural therapy and yoga. Cogn Behav Ther, 2006; 35:3–10.
27.
SauermannG. Relation between yoga and psychotherapy. Psychosom Med Psychoanal, 1980; 26:364–378.
28.
LeeSW, MancusoCA, CharlsonME. Prospective study of new participants in a community-based mind-body training program. J Gen Internal Med, 2004; 19:760–765.
