Identification and Characterization of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Pig Farms in Benin City,Edo State,Nigeria: One Health Perspective

Abstract

The present study was carried out to characterize Salmonella serovars from commercial pig farms in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 81 samples were collected from the Agricultural Development Program farms between January and June 2017. Standard culture-based and polymerase chain reaction procedures were adopted in the isolation and identification of Salmonella serovars. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates were conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method with prominent resistance determinants screened for using specific primer sets. The 84 identified Salmonella serovars include 15 Salmonella ser. Enteritidis, 11 Salmonella ser. Typhimurium, and 58 other Salmonella serovars. Phenotypic virulence factors include: hemolytic activity (51.7–100%), lipase activity (48.3–81.8%), protease activity (60.3–100%), gelatinase production (50–90.9%), DNA degrading activity (55.2–90.9%), and S-layer formation (63.8–100%). The biofilm formation profiles include nonbiofilm producers (0–12.1%), weak biofilm producers (0–20%), moderate biofilm producers (24.1–27.3%), and strong biofilm producers (48.3–72.7%). Salmonella serovars in this study harbored resistant determinants, such as tetA, tetC, ampC, sul1, sul2, sul3, floR, ermA, and ermC. The occurrence of resistance phenotype and determinants in pathogenic Salmonella serovars from pig farms is a significant public health concern, which could result in the dissemination of resistant elements within the environment.