Binding, packing, using stand-to-pee (STP) devices, and tucking are nonhormonal, nonsurgical gender-affirming body modifications (GABMs) that are used to affirm gender expression. This study sought to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of and side effects experienced by those using GABMs.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study participants who completed the 2023 Annual Questionnaire. Data on sociodemographics and self-reported side effects were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results:
Of 6296 participants, 1694 reported GABMs including binding (n = 995), packing (n = 590), using an STP device (n = 351), and tucking (n = 265). Each GABM had a distinct side effect profile. Pain (2.0%–48.2% past-year prevalence) and dermatologic concerns (0.5%–23.2% past-year prevalence) were reported across GABMs.
Conclusion:
While GABMs promote mental health and patient safety, they carry a risk of adverse physical health effects. Providers play a vital role in managing GABM-associated side effects to ensure patients can continue to affirm their gender identities.
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