Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia (HH) is well standardized. However, recurrence is observed in 15%–60% of cases, and is challenging to manage. The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of surgical failure and provide some guidelines for treatment. The symptoms of recurrent HH vary widely, and include persistent reflux, dysphagia, and permanent discomfort, leading to a marked change in the quality of life. Morphological and functional pretherapeutic evaluation is necessary to determine whether the symptoms are due to recurrent HH, and to understand the cause of failure. Redo surgery is technically difficult and challenging, and should only be used in symptomatic patients whose symptoms are definitively those of recurrent HH.
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