Background: Transinguinal laparoscopic groin evaluation using a 70-degree endoscope can obviate
the need for a second incision when attempting to identify a contralateral patent processus vaginalis
(PPV) during open repair of a symptomatic pediatric inguinal hernia. This technique can be technically
unsatisfactory when a medial veil of peritoneum obscures adequate visualization of the internal
inguinal ring. This study compared 70- degree and 120-degree endoscopes in identification
of a contralateral PPV in the same patients.
Materials and Methods: From September 2000 to October 2003, 81 patients with known inguinal hernias
underwent open hernia repair and transinguinal laparoscopic evaluation of the contralateral side.
The patients were 62 male, 19 female; mean age 26 months (range, 1 month–10 years); mean weight
11.7 kg (range, 2–33 kg). There were 53 right side hernias and 28 left side. Mean operative time was
43 minutes. Fifty seven patients (70%) had one or more risk factors for developing a contralateral inguinal
hernia (49 were younger than 1 year old and 19 were ex-premature). Nineteen patients underwent
concurrent procedures (7 circumcisions, 10 hydrocelectomies, 1 orchidopexy, 1 appendectomy).
Results: Using the 70-degree endoscope, a medial veil of peritoneum made visualization of the internal
inguinal ring impossible in 14 patients (17%) and difficult in an additional 5 patients (6%).
Visualization with the 120-degree endoscope was deemed to be superior in 46 (57%), equal in 35
patients (43%), and inferior in none. Overall, contralateral PPVs were detected in 31 patients (38%)
with the 120-degree endoscope and in only 23 patients (28%) with the 70-degree endoscope. Had
we used only the 70-degree endoscope, 8 PPVs (10%) would have been missed. None of the negative
120-degree endoscope evaluations have developed symptomatic contralateral inguinal hernias.
Conclusion: In this trial, transinguinal laparoscopic evaluation using the 120-degree endoscope
provided superior visualization and identification of contralateral PPVs. This new technique obviates
the need for a separate abdominal wall puncture, reduces missed contralateral PPVs, and should
be considered for use during pediatric inguinal hernia repair.
