LangeS, ProbstC, RehmJ, et al.National, regional, and global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health, 2018; 6(7):e769–e776; doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30223-7
2.
KimS, OanceaSC. Electronic cigarettes may not be a “safer alternative” of conventional cigarettes during pregnancy: Evidence from the nationally representative PRAMS data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2020; 20(1):557; doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03247-6
3.
Centers for Disease Control. E-Cigarettes and Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/substance-abuse/e-cigarettes-pregnancy.htm [Last accessed: May 5, 2023].
4.
ShulmanHB, D'AngeloDV, HarrisonL, et al.The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): Overview of design and methodology. Am J Public Health, 2018; 108(10):1305–1313; doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304563
5.
Centers for Disease Control. Participating PRAMS Sites. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/prams/states.htm [Last accessed: August 9, 2023].
6.
PearsonJL, HitchmanSC, BroseLS, et al.Recommended core items to assess e-cigarette use in population-based surveys. Tob Control, 2018; 27(3):341–346; doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053541
7.
ReganAK, BombardJM, O'HegartyMM, et al.Adverse birth outcomes associated with prepregnancy and prenatal electronic cigarette use. Obstet Gynecol, 2021; 138(1):85–94; doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004432
8.
MoreanME, CamengaDR, BoldKW, et al.Querying about the use of specific e-cigarette devices may enhance accurate measurement of e-cigarette prevalence rates among high school students. Nicotine Tob Res, 2020; 22(5):833–837; doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty240
9.
UddinSMI, OseiAD, ObisesanOH, et al.Prevalence, trends, and distribution of nicotine and marijuana use in E-cigarettes among US adults: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016–2018. Prev Med, 2020; 139:106175; doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106175
10.
National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health: Washington DC; 2017.