Macromastia as a Cause of Chronic Back Pain

Long JN , De La Torre JI , Vasonez LO . Macromastia and reduction mammaplasty. In: Kirby IBaEMC , ed. The Breast, 4th ed. Amsterdam: W.B. Saunders, 2009:877–885.

Hansen J , Chang S. Overview of breast reduction. UpToDate. Post TW ed. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.

Bland KI , Copeland EM , Klimberg VS , Gradishar WJ . The breast E-book: Comprehensive management of benign and malignant diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences,, 2017:178.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2015 plastic surgery statistics report. Available at: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2015/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2015.pdf Accessed July 27, 2021 .

Ansell JR , Buchholz MC . Chronic bilateral T1 denervation in women with macromastia. Musc Nerve, 2013; 47:183–187.

Reduction mammoplasties. In: Lester S, Hicks D, ed. Diagnostic Pathology: Breast, 2nd ed. Vol. Diagnostic Pathology. Elsevier,, 2016:60–63..

Collins ED , Kerrigan CL , Kim M , et al. The effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical interventions in relieving the symptoms of macromastia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2002; 109:1556–1566.

Lin Y , Yang Y , Zhang X , Li W , Li H , Mu D . Postoperative health-related quality of life in reduction mammaplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Plast Surg, 2021; 87:107–112.

Breiting LB , Henriksen TF , Kalialis LV , Gramkow C , Høyer AP . A prospective study of short- and long-term cosmetic outcome after reduction mammaplasty from three different perspectives: The patient, a department surgeon, and an independent private practitioner in plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012; 130:273–281.

Boice JD , Persson I , Brinton LA , et al. Breast cancer following breast reduction surgery in Sweden. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2000; 106:755–762.

Brown MH , Weinberg M , Chong N , Levine R , Holowaty E . A cohort study of breast cancer risk in breast reduction patients. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1999; 103:1674–1681.

Greco R , Noone B . Evidence-based medicine: Reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2017; 139:230e–239e.

Schnur Sliding Scale. BlueCross BlueShield. Available at: http://www.bcbst.com/mpmanual/The_Schnur_Sliding_Scale_chart.htm Accessed July 22, 2021 .

Rohrich RJ , Gosman AA , Brown SA , Tonadapu P , Foster B . Current preferences for breast reduction techniques: A survey of board-certified plastic surgeons 2002. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2004; 114:1724–1733; discussion 1734–1736.

Gonzalez F , Brown FE , Gold ME , Walton RL , Shafer B . Preoperative and postoperative nipple-areola sensibility in patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1993; 92:809–814; discussion 815–818.

Silhol T , Chaouat M , Noel W , Mimoun M , Boccara D . Interindividual and intraindividual variations of breast sensitivity before and after breast reduction: A prospective study. Ann Plast Surg, 2021; 86:387–393.

Kraut RY , Brown E , Korownyk C , et al. The impact of breast reduction surgery on breastfeeding: Systematic review of observational studies. PLoS One, 2017; 12:e0186591.

Hammond D . Reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy: General considerations. In: Spear S , ed. Surgery of the breast, principles and art, 3rd ed. Philadephia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011:955.

Goudreau SH , Woughter MA , Seiler SJ . Multimodality review of imaging features following breast reduction surgery. Eur J Breast Health, 2021; 17:206–213.

Brown FE , Sargent SK , Cohen SR , Morain WD . Mammographic changes following reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1987; 80:691–698.