Screening Mammography Use Among Older Women Before and After the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations

Abstract

Background:

It is uncertain how changes in the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force breast cancer screening recommendations (from annual to biennial mammography screening in women aged 50–74 and grading the evidence as insufficient for screening in women aged 75 and older) have affected mammography use among Medicare beneficiaries.

Materials and Methods:

Cohort study of 12 million Medicare fee-for-service women aged 65–74 and 75 and older to measure changes in 3-year screening use, 2007–2009 (before) and 2010–2012 (after), defined by two measures—proportion screened and frequency of screening by age, race/ethnicity, and hospital referral region.

Results:

Fewer women were screened, but with similar frequency after 2009 for both age groups (after vs. before: age 65–74: 60.1% vs. 60.8% screened, 2.1 vs. 2.1 mammograms per screened woman; age 75 and older: 31.7% vs. 33.6% screened, 1.9 vs. 1.9 mammograms per screened woman; all p < 0.05). Black women were the only subgroup with an increase in screening use, and for both age groups (after vs. before: age 65–74: 55.4% vs. 54.0% screened and 2.0 vs. 1.9 mammograms per screened woman; age 75 and older: 28.5% vs. 27.9% screened and 1.8 vs. 1.8 mammograms per screened woman; all p < 0.05). Regional change patterns in screening were more similar between age groups (Pearson correlation r = 0.781 for proportion screened; r = 0.840 for frequency of screening) than between black versus nonblack women (Pearson correlation r = 0.221 for proportion screened; r = 0.212 for frequency of screening).

Conclusions:

Changes in screening mammography use for Medicare women are not fully aligned with the 2009 recommendations.