Victims of domestic violence (DV) are not only subject to physical and emotional abuse but may also be at increased risk for less recognized dangers from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted pathogens. Because of the close link between DV and sexual risk, women need to be educated about the consequences of acquiring a life-threatening sexually transmitted infection, risk reduction measures, and how to access appropriate HIV services for diagnosis and treatment. It is therefore critical for DV workers to receive sufficient training about the link between DV and HIV risk so that sexual safety planning can be incorporated into activities with their clients in the same way as physical safety plans. In this article, we discuss how the Many Hands Working Together project provides interactive training for workers in DV and DV-affiliated agencies to increase their knowledge about HIV and teach sexual safety planning skills to achieve HIV risk reduction.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
TjadenP, ThoennesN. Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence: Findings from the national violence against women survey. 2000. Available at: www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/181867.pdf Accessed July2, 2015.
2.
LindhorstT, NuriusP, MacyR. Contextualized assessment with battered women: Strategic safety planning to deal with multiple harms. J Soc Work Educ, 2005; 41:331–352.
3.
MillerE, McCawB, HumphreysBL, MitchellC. Integrating intimate partner violence assessment and intervention into healthcare in the United States: A systems approach. J Womens Health, 2015; 24:92–99.
4.
NeilSJ, GottmanJM. Anatomy of a violent relationship: Some batterers are like pit bulls, other like cobras. 1998. Available at: www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199803/anatomy-violent-relationship Accessed July2, 2015.
5.
FryeV, ManganelloJ, CampbellJC, Walton-MossB, WiltS. The distribution of and factors associated with intimate terrorism and situational couple violence among a population-based sample of urban women in the United States. J Interpers Violence, 2006; 21:1286–1313.
6.
JohnsonMP. Conflict and control: Gender symmetry and asymmetry in domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 2006; 12:1003–1018.
7.
JohnsonMP. Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: Two forms of violence against women. J Marriage Fam, 1995; 57:283–294.
8.
LichtensteinB. Domestic violence, sexual ownership, and HIV risk in women in the American deep south. Soc Sci Med, 2005; 60:701–714.
9.
FlinckA, PaavilainenE. Violent behavior of men in their intimate relationships, as they experience it. Am J Mens Health, 2008; 2:244–253.
10.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Intersection of intimate partner violence and HIV in women. 2014. Available at: www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ipv/13_243567_green_aaga.pdf Accessed July1, 2015.
11.
WuE, El-BasselN, WitteS, GilbertL, ChangeM. Intimate partner violence and HIV risk among urban minority women in primary health care settings. AIDS Behav, 2003; 7:291–301.
12.
GielenAC, McDonnellKA, O'CampoPJ. Intimate partner violence, HIV status, and sexual risk reduction. AIDS Behav, 2002; 6:107–116.
13.
SethP, DiClementeRJ, LovvornAE. State of the evidence: Intimate partner violence and HIV/STI risk among adolescents. Curr HIV Res, 2013; 11:528–535.
14.
MamanS, CampbellJ, SweatMD, GielenAC. The intersections of HIV and violence: Directions for future research and interventions. Soc Sci Med, 2000; 50:459–478.
15.
GielenAC, GhandourRM, BurkeJG, MahoneyP, McDonnellKA, O'CampoP. HIV/AIDS and intimate partner violence: Intersecting women's health issues in the United States. Trauma Violence Abuse, 2007; 8:178–198.
16.
DunkleKL, JewkesRK, BrownHC, GrayGE, McIntryreJA, HarlowSD. Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa. Lancet, 2004; 363:1415–1421.
17.
El-BasselN, GilbertL, RajahV, FolenoA, FryeV. Fear and violence: Raising the HIV stakes. AIDS Educ Prev, 2000; 12:154–170.
18.
PronykPM, HargreavesJR, KimJC, et al.Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: A cluster randomised trial. Lancet, 2006; 368:1973–1983.
19.
RountreeMA, MulraneyM. HIV/AIDS risk reduction intervention for women who have experienced intimate partner violence. Clin Soc Work J, 2010; 38:207–216.
20.
CataniaJ, KegelesS, CoatesT. Towards an understanding of risk behavior: An AIDS risk reduction model (ARRM). Health Educ Q, 1990; 17:381–399.
21.
Kariem-WhiteTA. Hidden risks: Domestic violence and HIV prevention. In: National HIV Prevention Conference, Atlanta, GA, 2003. Abstract MPC-006.
22.
New York State Department of Health. Guidelines for integrating domestic violence screening into HIV counseling, testing, referral & partner notification. 2013. Available at: www.health.ny.gov/diseases/aids/providers/regulations/domesticviolence/guide.htm Accessed July2, 2015.
23.
CataniaJA, CoatesTJ, KegelesS. A test of the AIDS risk reduction model: Psychosocial correlates of condom use in the AMEN cohort survey. Health Psychol, 1994; 13:548–555.
24.
SheeranP, AbrahamC, OrbellS. Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 1999; 125:90–132.
25.
LongshoreD, SteinJA, ChinD. Pathways to sexual risk reduction: Gender differences and strategies for intervention. AIDS Behav, 2006; 10:93–104.
26.
RollnickS, AllisonJ, BallasiotesS, et al.Variations on a theme: Motivational interviewing and its adaptations. In: MillerWR, RollnickS, eds. Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2002:270–283.
27.
Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. 2015. Available at http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf Accessed July2, 2015.
