PopeTM, BennettJ, CarsonSS, et al.Making medical treatment decisions for unrepresented patients in the ICU. An Official American Thoracic Society/American Geriatrics Society Policy Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2020; 201(10):1182–1192; doi: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0512ST
2.
CatlinCC, ConnorsHL, TeasterPB, et al.Unrepresented adults face adverse healthcare consequences: The role of guardians, public guardianship reform, and alternative policy solutions. J Aging Soc Policy, 2021:1–20; doi: 10.1080/08959420.2020.1851433
3.
PopeTM, SellersT. Legal briefing: The unbefriended: Making healthcare decisions for patients without surrogates (Part 1) and (Part 2). J Clin Ethics, 2012; 23(1):84–96; 23(2) 177–192.
4.
CohenAB, CostelloDM, O'LearyJR, et al.Older adults without desired surrogates in a nationally representative sample. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2021; 69(1):114–121; doi: 10.1111/jgs.16813
5.
Kaplan-WeismanL, SansoneS, WalterE, et al.Feasibility of advance care planning in primary care for homeless adults. J Aging Health, 2020; 32(7–8):880–891; doi: 10.1177/0898264319862420
GrigginsC, BlackstoneE, McAlileyL, et al.Making medical decisions for incapacitated patients without proxies: Part I. HEC Forum, 2020; 32(1):33–45; doi: 10.1007/s10730-019-09387-3
8.
DeMartinoES, DudzinskiDM, DoyleCK, et al.Who decides when a patient can't? Statutes on alternate decision makers. N Engl J Med, 2017; 376(15):1478–1482; doi: 10.1056/NEJMms1611497
9.
ChamberlainS, BaikS, EstabrooksC. Going it alone: A scoping review of unbefriended older adults. Can J Aging, 2018; 37(1):1–11; doi: 10.1017/S0714980817000563
10.
MoyeJ, CatlinC, KwakJ, et al.Ethical concerns and procedural pathways for patients who are incapacitated and alone: Implications from a qualitative study for advancing ethical practice. HEC Forum, 2017; 29(2):171–189; doi: 10.1007/s10730-016-9317-9
11.
CarneyMT, FujiwaraJ, EmmertBEJr, et al.Elder orphans hiding in plain sight: A growing vulnerable population. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res, 2016; 2016:4723250; doi: 10.1155/2016/4723250