ArgilesJM, BusquetsS, StemmlerB, López-SorianoFJ: Cachexia and sarcopenia: Mechanisms and potential targets for intervention. Curr Opin Pharmacol, 2015; 22:100–106.
2.
EbnerN, SliziukV, ScherbakovN, SandekA: Muscle wasting in ageing and chronic illness. ESC Heart Fail, 2015; 2:58–68.
3.
MuscaritoliM, et al.: Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: Joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) “cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases” and “nutrition in geriatrics.”. Clin Nutr, 2010; 29:154–159.
4.
FearonK, StrasserF, AnkerSD, et al.: Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: An international consensus. Lancet Oncol, 2011; 12:489–495.
5.
ArendsJ, BaracosV, BertzH, et al.: ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition. Clin Nutr, 2017; 36:1187–1196.
6.
BraunTP, MarksDL: Pathophysiology and treatment of inflammatory anorexia in chronic disease. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2010; 1:135–145.
7.
MolfinoA, LavianoA, Rossi FanelliF: Contribution of anorexia to tissue wasting in cachexia. Curr Opin Supportive Palliat Care, 2010; 4:249–253.
8.
MorleyJE, ThomasDR, WilsonMM: Cachexia: Pathophysiology and clinical relevance. Am J Clin Nutr, 2006; 83:735–743.
9.
MitchWE: Cachexia in chronic kidney disease: A link to defective central nervous system control of appetite. J Clin Invest, 2005; 115:1476–1478.
10.
MakRH, CheungW, ConeRD, MarksDL: Leptin and inflammation-associated cachexia in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 2006; 69:794–797.
11.
FouqueD, Kalantar-ZadehK, KoppleJ: A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein–energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 2008; 73:391–398.
12.
KoehlerF, DoehnerW, HoernigS, et al.: Anorexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—Association to cachexia and hormonal derangement. Int J Cardiol, 2007; 119:83–89.
13.
LeBlancTW, NippRD, RushingCN, et al.: Correlation between the international consensus definition of the Cancer Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome (CACS) and patient-centered outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2015; 49:680–689.
GaddeyHL, HolderK: Unintentional weight loss in older adults. Am Fam Physician, 2014; 89:718–722.
16.
MaltoniM, CaraceniA, BrunelliC, et al.: Prognostic factors in advanced cancer patients: Evidence-based clinical recommendations—A study by the Steering Committee of the European Association for Palliative Care. Am Soc Clin Oncol, 2005; 23:6240–6248.
17.
Pantano NdeP, PaivaBS, HuiD, PaivaCE: Validation of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2016; 51:270–277.
18.
MiyamotoT, FujitaniM, FukuyamaH, et al.: The c-reactive protein/albumin ratio is useful for predicting short-term survival in cancer and noncancer patients. J Palliat Med, 2019; 22:532–537.
19.
ProctorMJ, MorrisonDS, TalwarD, et al.: An inflammation-based prognostic score (mGPS) predicts cancer survival independent of tumour site: A Glasgow Inflammation Outcome Study. Br J Cancer, 2011; 104:726–734.
20.
RavascoP, Monteiro-GrilloI, VidalPM, et al.: Dietary counseling improves patient outcomes: A prospective, randomized controlled trial in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol, 2005; 23:1431–1438.
21.
RvascoP, Monteiro-GrillI, Marques VidalP, et al.: Impact of nutrition on outcome: A prospective randomized controlled trial in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Head Neck, 2005; 27:659–668.
22.
BalstadTR, SolheimTS, StrasserF, et al.: Dietary treatment of weight loss in patients with advanced cancer and cachexia: A systematic literature review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2014; 91:210–221.
