LypsonML, FrohnaJG, GruppenLD, et al.: Assessing resident's competencies at baseline: Identifying the gaps. Acad Med, 2004; 79:564–570.
2.
SzmuilowiczE, el-JawahriA, ChiappettaL, et al.: Improving residents' end-of-life communication skills with a short retreat: A randomized controlled trial. J Palliat Med, 2010; 13:439–452.
3.
RosenS, TesserA: A reluctance to communicate undesirable information: Mum effect. Sociometry, 1970; 33:253–263.
4.
WayneDB, MoazadF, CohenER, et al.: Code status discussion skill retention in internal medicine residents: One year follow-up. J Palliat Med, 2012; 15:1325–1328.
5.
SzmuilowiczE, NeelyKJ, SharmaRK, et al.: Improving residents code status discussion skills: A randomized trial. J Palliat Med, 2012; 15:768–774.
6.
AlexanderSC, KeitzSA, SloaneR, et al.: A controlled trial of a short course to improve residents' communication with patients at the end of life. Acad Med, 2006; 81:1008–1012.
7.
EmmaneulLL: EPEC Trainer's Guide. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1999.
8.
RabowMW, HardieGE, FairJM, et al.: End-of-life care content in 50 textbooks from multiple specialties. JAMA, 2000; 283:771–778.
9.
BallCG, NavsariaP, KirkpatrickAW, et al.: The impact of country and culture on end-of-life care for injured patients: Results from an international survey. J Trauma, 2010; 69:1323–1334.
10.
BaileWF, BuckmanR, LenziR, et al.: SPIKES—a six step protocol for delivering bad news: Application to the patient with cancer. Oncologist, 2000; 5:302–311.