CurtisRJ, EngelbergRA, WenrichMD, ShannonSE, TreecePD, RubenfeldGD. Missed opportunities during family conferences about end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005; 171:844–849.
2.
LautretteA, CiroldiM, KsibiH, AzoulayE. End-of-life family conferences: Rooted in the evidence. Crit Care Med, 2006; 341:S364–372.
3.
NortonSA, HoganLA, HollowayRG, Temkin-GreenerH, BuckleyMJ, QuillTE. Proactive palliative care in the medical intensive care unit: effects on length of stay for selected high-risk patients. Crit Care Med, 2007; 35:1530–1535.
4.
ApatiraL, BoydEA, MalvarG, EvansLR, LuceJM, LoB, WhiteDB. Hope, truth, and preparing for death: Perspectives of surrogate decision makers. Ann Intern Med, 2008; 149:861–868.
5.
AzoulayE, PochardF, Kentish-BarnesN, ChevretS, AboabJ, AdrieC, AnnaneD, BleichnerG, BollaertPE, DarmonM, FassierT, GalliotR, Garrouste-OrgeasM, GoulenokC, Goldgran-ToledanoD, HayonJ, JourdainM, KaidomarM, LaplaceC, LarchéJ, LiotierJ, PapazianL, PoissonC, ReignierJ, SaidiF, SchlemmerB. FAMIREA Study Group. Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005; 171:987–994.
6.
BackA, ArnoldR, TulskyJ. Mastering Communication with Seriously Ill Patients: Balancing Honesty with Empathy and Hope. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
7.
BarryLC, KaslSV, PrigersonHG. Psychiatric disorders among bereaved persons: The role of perceived circumstances of death and preparedness for death. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2002; 10:447–57.
8.
BillingsJA, KeeleyA, BaumanJ, CistA, CoakleyE, DahlinC, MontgomeryP, ThompsonBT, WiseM. Massachusetts General Hospital Palliative Care Nurse Champions: Merging cultures: Palliative care specialists in the medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med, 2006; 34:S388–S393.
9.
CamhiSL, MercadoAF, MorrisonRS, DuQ, PlattDM, AugustGI, NelsonJE. Deciding in the dark: Advance directives and continuation of treatment in chronic critical illness. Crit Care Med, 2009; 37:919–925.
10.
CampbellML, GuzmanJA. Impact of a proactive approach to improve end-of-life care in a medical ICU. Chest, 2003; 123:266–271.
11.
CampbellML, GuzmanJA. A proactive approach to improve end-of-life care in a medical intensive care unit for patients with terminal dementia. Crit Care Med, 2004; 32:1839–1843.
12.
CurtisJR, EngelbergRA, WenrichMD, ShannonSE, TreecePD, RubenfeldGD. Missed opportunities during family conferences about end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005; 171:844–849.
13.
CurtisJR, PatrickDL, ShannonSE, TreecePD, EngelbergRA, RubenfeldGD. The family conference as a focus to improve communication about end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: Opportunities for improvement. Crit Care Med, 2001; 29:N26–N33.
14.
CurtisJR, WhiteDB. Practical guidance for evidence-based ICU family conferences. Chest, 2008; 134:835–843.
15.
DavidsonJE, PowersK, HedayatKM, TieszenM, KonAA, ShepardE, SpuhlerV, TodresID, LevyM, BarrJ, GhandiR, HirschG, ArmstrongD. American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2004-2005, Society of Critical Care Medicine: Clinical practice guidelines for support of the patient-centered intensive care unit: American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2004–2005. Crit Care Med, 2007; 35:605–622.
16.
DowdyMD, RobertsonC, BanderJA. A study of proactive ethics consultation for critically and terminally ill patients with extended lengths of stay. Crit Care Med, 1998; 26:252–259.
17.
EvansLR, BoydEA, MalvarG, ApatiraL, LuceJM, LoB, WhiteDB. Surrogate decision-makers' perspectives on discussing prognosis in the face of uncertainty. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2009; 179:48–53.
18.
FabisewskiK, HowellMC. A model for family meetings in long term care of Alzheimer's Disease. DobrofR. Social Work and Alzheimer's Disease. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 1986; 113–118.
19.
FumisRRL. Family members of critically ill cancer patients: Assessing the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Intensive Care Med, 2009; 35:899–902.
20.
GerstelE, EngelbergRA, KoepsellT, CurtisJR. Duration of withdrawal of life support in the intensive care unit and association with family satisfaction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008; 178:798–804.
21.
GiacominiM, CookD, DeJeanD. Life support decision making in critical care: Identifying and appraising the qualitative research evidence. Crit Care Med, 2009; 37:1475–1482.
22.
HeylandDK, RockerGM, O'CallaghanCJ, DodekPM, CookDJ. Dying in the ICU: Perspectives of family members. Chest, 2003; 124:392–397.
23.
KirchhoffKT, PalzkillJ, KowalkowskiJ, MorkA, GretarsdottirE. Preparing families of intensive care patients for withdrawal of life support: A pilot study. Am J Crit Care, 2008; 17:113–122.
24.
LautretteA, DarmonM, MegarbaneB, JolyLM, ChevretS, AdrieC, BarnoudD, BleichnerG, BruelC, ChoukrounG, CurtisJR, FieuxF, GalliotR, Garrouste-OrgeasM, GeorgesH, Goldgran-ToledanoD, JourdainM, LoubertG, ReignierJ, SaidiF, SouweineB, VincentF, BarnesNK, PochardF, SchlemmerB, AzoulayE. A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med, 2007; 356:469–478.
25.
LillyCM, DeMeoDL, SonnaLA, HaleyKJ, MassaroAF, WallaceRF, CodyS. An intensive communication intervention for the critically ill. Am J Med, 2000; 109:469–475.
26.
LillyCM, SonnaLA, HaleyKJ, MassaroAF. Intensive communication: Four year follow-up from a clinical practice study. Crit Care Med, 2003; 31:S394–S399.
McDonaghJR, ElliottTB, EngelbergRA, TreecePD, ShannonSE, RubenfeldGD, PatrickDL, CurtisJR. Family satisfaction with family conferences about end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: Increased proportion of family speech is associated with increased satisfaction. Crit Care Med, 2004; 32:1484–1488.
29.
MularskiRA, CurtisJR, BillingsJA, BurtR, ByockI, FuhrmanC, MosenthalAC, MedinaJ, RayDE, RubenfeldGD, SchneidermanLJ, TreecePD, TruogRD, LevyMM. Proposed quality measures for palliative care in the critically ill: A consensus from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Critical Care Workgroup. Crit Care Med, 2006; 34:S404–S411.
30.
MularskiRA. Translating and implementing evidence-based care in the ICU: It's time to value family communication. Chest, 2008Oct134:676–678.
31.
NelsonJE, MercadoAF, CamhiSL, TandonN, WallensteinS, AugustGI, MorrisonRS. Communication about chronic critical illness. Arch Intern Med, 2007; 167:2509–2515.
32.
NortonSA, HoganLA, HollowayRG, Temkin-GreenerH, BuckleyMJ, QuillTE. Proactive palliative care in the medical intensive care unit: Effects on length of stay for selected high-risk patients. Crit Care Med, 2007; 35:1530–1535.
33.
SchaeferKG, BlockSD. Physician communication with families in the ICU: evidence-based strategies for improvement. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2009; 15:569–577.
34.
SchneidermanLJ, GilmerT, TeetzelHD. Impact of ethics consultations in the intensive care setting: A randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med, 2000; 28:3920–3924.
35.
SelphRB, ShiangJ, EngelbergR, CurtisJR, WhiteDB. Empathy and life support decisions in intensive care units. J Gen Intern Med, 2008; 23:1311–1317.
SiegelMD. End-of life decision making in the ICU. Clin Chest Med, 2009; 30:181–194.
38.
SiegelMD, HayesE, VanderwerkerLC, LosethDB, PrigersonHG. Psychiatric illness in the next of kin of patients who die in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med, 2008; 36:1722–1728.
39.
SinuffT, GiacominiM, ShawR, SwintonM, CookDJ. “Living with dying”: The evolution of family members' experience of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med, 2009; 37:154–158.
40.
StapletonRD, EngelbergRA, WenrichMD, GossCH, CurtisJR. Clinician statements and family satisfaction with family conferences in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med, 2006; 34:1679–1685.
41.
SulmasyDP, HughesMT, ThompsonRE, AstrowAB, TerryPB, KubJ, NolanMT. How would terminally ill patients have others make decisions for them in the even of decisional incapacity? A longitudinal study. JAGS, 2007; 55:1981–1988.
42.
TorkeAM, AlexanderGC, LantosJ. Substituted judgement: The limitations of autonomy in surrogate decision making. J Gen Intern Med, 2008; 23:1514–1517.
43.
WhiteD, EvansL, BautistaC, LuceJM, LoB. Are physicians' recommendations to limit life support beneficial or burdensome? Bringing empirical data to the debate. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2009; 180:320–325.
44.
ZierLS, BurackJH, MiccoG, ChipmanAK, FrankJA, LuceJM, WhiteDB. Doubt and belief in physicians' ability to prognosticate during critical illness: the perspective of surrogate decision makers. Crit Care Med, 2008; 36:2341–2347.
45.
ZierLS, BurackJH, MiccoG, ChipmanAK, FrankJA, WhiteDB. Surrogate decision makers' responses to physicians' predictions of medical futility. Chest, 2009; 136:110–117.