WHO: Obesity and overweight. 2018. https://wwwWhoInt/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Obesity-and-Overweight (accessed January1, 2020).
2.
RankingsC, CardsCR: Atlas of Childhood Obesity. World Obesity Federation, London, UK, 2019.
3.
FlegalKM, Kruszon-MoranD, CarrollMD, FryarCD, OgdenCL: Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA, 2016; 315:2284–2291.
4.
FontaineKR, ReddenDT, WangC, WestfallAO, AllisonDB: Years of life lost due to obesity. J Am Med Assoc, 2003; 289:187–193.
5.
MacMahonS, BaigentC, DuffyS, RodgersA, TominagaS, ChamblessL, et al.: Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: Collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet, 2009; 373:1083–1096.
6.
MastersRK, PowersDA, LinkBG: Obesity and US mortality risk over the adult life course. Am J Epidemiol, 2013; 177:431–442.
7.
DingM, HuY, SchwartzJ, KohWP, YuanJM, SessoHD, et al.: Delineation of body mass index trajectory predicting lowest risk of mortality in U.S. men using generalized additive mixed model. Ann Epidemiol, 2016; 26:698–703.
8.
The Global Mortality Collaboration. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: Individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet, 2016; 388:776–786.
9.
SalvestriniV, SellC, LorenziniA: Obesity may accelerate the aging process. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2019; 10:1–16.
10.
López-OtínC, BlascoMA, PartridgeL, SerranoM, KroemerG: The hallmarks of aging. Cell, 2013; 153:1194–1217.
11.
Pi-SunyerX: The medical risks of obesity. Postgrad Med, 2009; 121:21–33.
12.
KleinS, BurkeLE, BrayGA, BlairS, AllisonDB, Pi-SunyerX, et al.: Clinical implications of obesity with specific focus on cardiovascular disease: A statement for professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Found. Circulation, 2004; 110:2952–2967.
13.
The Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration (BMI Mediated Effects): Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: A pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1.8 million participants. Lancet, 2014; 383:970–983.
14.
KumanyikaSK: Special issues regarding obesity in minority populations. Ann Intern Med, 1993; 119:650–654.
15.
KumunyikaSK: Obesity in minority populations: An epidemiologic assessment. Obes Res, 1994; 2:166–182.
16.
KumanyakaSK, ObarzanekE, StevensVJ, HebertPR, WheltonPK: Weight-loss experience of black and white participants in NHLBI-sponsored clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr, 1991; 53:1631S–1638S.
17.
WingR, LangW, WaddenT, SaffordM, KnowlerW, BertoniA, et al.: Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2011; 34:1481–1486.
18.
FujiokaK: Current and emerging medications for overweight or obesity in people with comorbidities. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2015; 17:1021–1032.
19.
MacDanielsJS, SchwartzTL: Effectiveness, tolerability and practical application of the newer generation anti-obesity medications. Drugs Context, 2016; 5:5–11.
20.
PilitsiE, FarrOM, PolyzosSA, PerakakisN, Nolen-DoerrE, PapathanasiouAE, et al.: Pharmacotherapy of obesity: Available medications and drugs under investigation. Metabolism, 2019; 92:170–192.
21.
RebelloCJ, GreenwayFL, LauFH, LinY, StephensJM, JohnsonWD, et al.: Naringenin promotes thermogenic gene expression in human white adipose tissue. Obesity, 2019; 27:103–111.