High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely used for health and performance. However, the combination of whey protein and natural foods (i.e., fruits) is still unclear. Thus, we evaluated the role of supplemental HPD with Bocaiuva (Acrocomia sp.) in metabolic and body composition parameters of rats submitted to resistance training (RT). Wistar rats (203.3 ± 30 g) were randomly allocated to five groups: normoproteic control (CON, n = 5), sedentary high-protein (SH, n = 5), RT + H (trained high-protein [TH], n = 5), sedentary+Bocaiuva (SH+B, n = 4), and RT+Bocaiuva (TH+B, n = 4) diet groups. After 12 weeks of RT, the maximal strength increased in both trained groups (P < .05). The TH + B group had lower values of adiposity index (AI) (3.8 ± 0.7% vs. 6.8 ± 1.3%) and visceral fat (0.038 ± 0.004 g/g vs. 0.067 ± 0.012 g/g) compared with the SH group, respectively (P < .05). The other groups did not show differences in values of AI (CON, 5.4 ± 1.6%, TH, 5.4 ± 1.3%, and SH+B, 5.5 ± 1.2%). In addition, the fasting glucose of trained groups (TH, 106.0 ± 4.5, and TH+B, 100.4 ± 13.5 dL/mg) was significantly lower when compared with controls (SH, 120.0 ± 14.4, and SH+B, 119 ± 6.4 dL/mg) (P < .05). Bocaiuva combined with an HPD reduced visceral fat and AI in addition to improving glucose tolerance of rats submitted to RT.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
WolfeRR, CifelliAM, KostasG, KimIY: Optimizing protein intake in adults: Interpretation and application of the recommended dietary allowance compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range. Adv Nutr, 2017; 8:266–275.
2.
JägerR, KerksickCM, CampbellBI, CribbPJ, WellsSD, SkwiatTM, et al: International society of sports nutrition position stand: Protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sport Nutr, 2017; 14:20.
3.
ZelloGA: Dietary reference intakes for the macronutrients and energy: Considerations for physical activity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2006; 31:74–79.
4.
WuG: Dietary protein intake and human health. Food Funct, 2016; 7:1251–1265.
5.
Guimarães-FerreiraL, CholewaJM, NaimoMA, ZhiXI, MagagninD, de SáRB, et al: Synergistic effects of resistance training and protein intake: Practical aspects. Nutrition, 2014; 30:1097–1103.
6.
StokesT, HectorAJ, MortonRW, McGloryC, PhillipsSM: Recent perspectives regarding the role of dietary protein for the promotion of muscle hypertrophy with resistance exercise training. Nutrients, 2018; 10E180.
7.
PenningsB, BoirieY, SendenJM, GijsenAP, KuipersH, van LoonLJ: Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men. Am J Clin Nutr, 2011; 93:997–1005.
8.
HaraguchiFK, de Brito MagalhãesCL, NevesLX, dos SantosRC, PedrosaML, SilvaME: Whey protein modifies gene expression related to protein metabolism affecting muscle weight in resistance-exercised rats. Nutrition, 2014; 30:876–881.
9.
MortonRW, MurphyKT, McKellarSR, SchoenfeldBJ, HenselmansM, HelmsE, et al: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. Br J Sport Med, 2018; 52:376–384.
10.
HulmiJJ, LaaksoM, MeroAA, HäkkinenK, AhtiainenJP, PeltonenH: The effects of whey protein with or without carbohydrates on resistance training adaptations. J Int Soc Sport Nutr, 2015; 16:12–48.
11.
NabucoHCG, TomeleriCM, Sugihara JuniorP, FernandesRR, CavalcanteEF, AntunesM, et al: Effects of whey protein supplementation pre- or post-resistance training on muscle mass, muscular strength, and functional capacity in pre-conditioned older women: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrients, 2018; 10:E563.
12.
JeongJW, ShimJJ, ChoiID, KimSH, RaJ, KuHK, et al.: Apple pomace extract improves endurance in exercise performance by increasing strength and weight of skeletal muscle. J Med Food, 2015; 18:1380–1386.
13.
DecroixL, SoaresDD, MeeusenR, HeymanE, TonoliC: Cocoa flavanol supplementation and exercise: A systematic review. Sport Med, 2018; 48:867–892.
14.
Garnacho-CastañoMV, Palau-Salvà G, Cuenca E, Muñoz-González A, García-Fernández P, Del Carmen Lozano-Estevan M, et al: Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes. J Int Soc Sport Nutr, 2018; 15:49.
15.
de Andrade SilvaCA, FonsecaGG: Brazilian savannah fruits: Characteristics, properties, and potential applications. Food Sci Biotechnol, 2016; 25:1225–1232.
16.
RamosMI, SiqueiraEM, IsomuraCC, BarbosaAM, ArrudaSF: Bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd) improved vitamin A status in rats. J Agric Food Chem, 2007; 55:3186–3190.
17.
ReevesPG, NielsenFH, FaheyGC: AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: Final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr, 1993; 123:1939–1951.
18.
HornbergerTA, FarrarRP: Physiological hypertrophy of the FHL muscle following 8 weeks of progressive resistance exercise in the rat. Can J Appl Physiol, 2004; 29:16–31.
19.
de Cássia-MarquetiR, AlmeidaJA, NakagakiWR, GuzzoniV, BoghiF, RennerA, et al: Resistance training minimizes the biomechanical effects of aging in three different rat tendons. J Biomech, 2017; 53:29–35.
20.
MatiasAM, EstevamWM, CoelhoPM, HaeseD, KobiJBBS, Lima-LeopoldoAP, et al: Differential effects of high sugar, high lard or a combination of both on nutritional, hormonal and cardiovascular metabolic profiles of rodents. Nutrients, 2018; 10:E1071.
21.
GannonMC, NuttallFQ: Effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 2004; 53:2375–2382.
22.
SefidbakhtS, Johnson-DownL, YoungTK, EgelandGM: High protein and cholesterol intakes associated with emergence of glucose intolerance in a low-risk Canadian Inuit population. Public Health Nutr, 2016; 19:1804–1811.
23.
de KoningL, FungTT, LiaoX, ChiuveSE, RimmEB, WillettWC, et al: Low-carbohydrate diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Am J Clin Nutr, 2011; 93:844–850.
24.
SlavinJL, LloydB: Health benefits of fruits and vegetables. Adv Nutr, 2012; 3:506–516.
25.
RamosMIL, Ramos FilhoMM, HianePA, Braga NetoJA, SiqueiraEMA: Nutritional quality of the pulp of bocaiúva Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ciência e Tecnol Aliment, 2008; 28:90–94.
26.
PetizLL, KunzlerA, BortolinRC, GasparottoJ, MattéC, MoreiraJCF, et al: Role of vitamin A oral supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the liver of trained rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2017; 42:1192–1200.
27.
de Sousa NetoIV, TibanaRA, da Cunha NascimentoD, VieiraDC, DuriganJL, PereiraGB, et al: Effects of resistance training volume on MMPs in circulation, muscle and adipose tissue. Int J Sport Med, 2017; 38:307–313.
28.
ChaveyC, MariB, MonthouelMN, BonnafousS, AnglardP, Van ObberghenE, Tartare-DeckertS: Matrix metalloproteinases are differentially expressed in adipose tissue during obesity and modulate adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem, 2003; 278:11888–11896.
LescanoCH, IwamotoRD, Sanjinez-ArgandoñaEJ, KassuyaCAL: Diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities of the microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) oil on Wistar rats. J Med Food, 2015; 18:656–662.
31.
MirandaJ, AguirreL, Fernández-QuintelaA, MacarullaMT, Martínez-CastañoMG, AyoJ, et al: Effects of pomegranate seed oil on glucose and lipid metabolism-related organs in rats fed an obesogenic diet. J Agric Food Chem, 2013; 61:5089–5096.
32.
EsmaeilinezhadZ, BabajafariS, SohrabiZ, EskandariMH, AmooeeS, Barati-BoldajiR: Effect of synbiotic pomegranate juice on glycemic, sex hormone profile and anthropometric indices in PCOS: A randomized, triple blind, controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2019; 29:201–208.
33.
LiaoYH, ChenCY, ChenCN, WuCY, TsaiSC. An amino acids mixture attenuates glycemic impairment but not affects adiposity development in rats fed with AGEs-containing diet. Int J Med Sci, 2018; 15:176–187.
34.
ZhangY, GuoK, LeBlancRE, LohD, SchwartzGJ, YuYH: Increasing dietary leucine intake reduces diet-induced obesity and improves glucose and cholesterol metabolism in mice via multimechanisms. Diabetes, 2007; 56:1647–1654.
35.
BernardJR, LiaoYH, DoernerPG, DingZ, HsiehM, WangW, et al: An amino acid mixture is essential to optimize insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in perfused rodent hindlimb muscle. J Appl Physiol, 2012; 113:97–104.
